Unscented Kalman filter for time varying spectral analysis of earthquake ground motions

A novel parametric time-domain method for time varying spectral analysis of earthquake ground motions is presented. Based upon time varying autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modeling of earthquake ground motion, unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is used to estimate the time varying ARMA coefficients. Then, time varying spectrum is yielded according to the time varying ARMA coefficients. Analysis of the ground motion record El Centro (1940, N–S) shows that compared to Kalman filter (KF) based method, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT), UKF based method can more reasonably represent the distribution of the seismic energy in time–frequency plane, which ensures its better ability to track the local properties of earthquake ground motions and to identify the systems with nonlinearity. Analysis of the seismic response of a building during the 1994 Northridge earthquake shows that UKF based method can be potentially a useful tool for structural damage detection and health monitoring. Lastly, it is found that the theoretical frequency resolving power of ARMA models usually neglected in some studies has considerable effect on time varying spectrum and it is one of the key factors for ARMA modeling of earthquake ground motion.     

临界超静孔压确定液化深度的方法研究

通过对地震时砂土层内超静孔压积累原理的研究, 提出了一种确定液化深度的方法, 并利用这一方法对 1976年唐山地震在沿海地区产生液化的深度进行了计算, 而且与实际资料进行了比较。     

弱光紫外星模拟器的研制

为了解决月基紫外深空观测相机地面定标的难题,研制了一种动态范围大、星等模拟精度高的紫外星模拟器。该模拟器采用5 m离轴光管作为准直光学系统,用双积分球系统作为均匀光源,可模拟3～16等星的弱目标,其星等最小分辨率为0.2等星,星等不确定度为5.48%。通过试验证明,该星模拟器完全满足月基紫外弱光星等深空观测相机地面定标的试验要求,不仅可以在实验室内标定紫外观测相机的探测能力和灵敏度,还可用于测试观测相机的其它参数指标,为发展深空高轨探测相机提供了地面定标基础。     

Statistical Modeling of the Seismic Moments via Mathai Distribution

Mathai’s pathway model is playing an increasingly prominent role in statistical distributions. As a generalization of a great variety of distributions, the pathway model allows the studying of several non-linear dynamics of complex systems. Here, we construct a model, called the Pareto–Mathai distribution, using the fact that the earthquakes’ magnitudes of full catalogues are well-modeled by a Mathai distribution. The Pareto–Mathai distribution is used to study artificially induced microseisms in the mining industry. The fitting of a distribution for entire range of magnitudes allow us to calculate the completeness magnitude (Mc). Mathematical properties of the new distribution are studied. In addition, applying this model to data recorded at a Chilean mine, the magnitude Mc is estimated for several mine sectors and also the entire mine.     

汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度

震级修订是世界各国地震台网(中心)地震参数测定工作的常规工作的一个环节。汶川地震发生后,我国地震台网速报的汶川地震的"面波震级"为7.8级;5天后修订为"面波震级"8.0级。美国地质调查局(USGS)国家地震中心(NEIC)速报的结果是"矩震级"7.8级;不久,将其修订为"矩震级"7.9级。地震后翌日,我们由"地震矩张量反演"得出,汶川地震的"矩震级"至少为7.9级,所释放的"标量地震矩"至少为4.4×1021N·m。无论是"面波震级",还是"矩震级",汶川地震都要比唐山地震("面波震级"7.8级,"矩震级"7.6级)大得多。汶川地震的"矩震级"(7.9级)比唐山地震的"矩震级"(7.6级)大0.3级,表明汶川地震释放的能量比唐山地震释放的能量大约3倍!事实上,汶川地震的断层长度大约为300km,也是唐山地震断层长度(不足100km)的3倍多。汶川地震的震级大、断层长,从震源特性的角度说明了为什么这次地震会造成如此巨大的破坏。     

地面沉降量的灰色预测方法

利用灰色模型对基坑施工过程地面学降量进行预测分析,通过建模及计算取得比较满意的结果。     

地震作用下高层建筑TMD控制优化设计

对地震作用下高层建筑调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）控制优化设计方法进行了初步探讨。分析了ＴＭＤ系统对高层结构振型控制的机理;利用数值迭代给出了ＴＭＤ最优参数设计表格,并分析了振型参与系数的影响,为ＴＭＤ设计提供了依据;给出了地震作用下高层建筑ＹＭＤ控制优化设计步骤;最后给出了高层结构ＴＭＤ地震反应控制仿真分析以说明这一方法的应用。     

热能吸附制冷中吸附剂热导率的试验研究

研究颗粒尺寸和散体密度对热能吸附制冷吸附剂CaCl2热导率的影响，采用稳态同步圆筒壁法的原理搭建热导率测定试验台，对均匀CaCl2颗粒菜体的热导率进行试验，得到不同颗粒度CaCl2热导率随温度变化的曲线和回归方程，试验结果表明，CaCl2的热导率存在一个临界颗粒尺寸，并且临界颗粒尺寸的出现和CaCl2的密度无关，从传热机理解释CaCl2热导率的影响因素，并提出一种新的临界尺寸理论。     

加筋路堤的双参数地震破坏模型研究

现阶段关于加筋土结构的抗震性能设计以及对震后的加筋土结构损伤程度还没有一个统一的评价标准。为完善加筋土结构的抗震性能设计理论,需要对加筋土结构在振动情况下的变形和能量以及极限滞回耗能进行分析。结合室内模型试验,计算试验模型的破损结果,确定模型理论参数,从而建立加筋路堤的双参数地震破坏模型。对完善加筋路堤的抗震性能设计以及对震后破坏的评价具有一定意义。     

分缝拱坝的地震响应分析

采用非线性有限元法研究了带有横缝的拱坝在Ｅｌ Ｃｅｎｔｒｏ波地震作用下的响应。研究中认为坝体混凝土是线弹性体，对于横缝模拟了其连续，张开，闭合，相对滑移以及初始压力等多种受力状态。用有限元和半无限元相结合求解拱坝与库水的动力相互作用问题，算例给出了拱坝关键部位的应力和位移响应，考虑了不同水位，初始压力，抗拉强度等因素的影响，并与相应的线弹性情况的结果进行比较，最后通过综合分析对带有横缝拱坝的地震响