Na离子和Cl离子引起He原子直接多重电离过程的研究

利用2～8 MeV的Naq+、Clq+(q=2,3,4,5)轰击氦原子,对碰撞的直接多重电离过程进行研究.实验采用反冲离子-散射离子飞行时间符合技术,通过反冲离子飞行时间谱区分不同价态反冲离子;利用静电偏转和位置灵敏探测技术区分不同电荷态散射离子;结合CAMAC-PC多参数获取系统得到一定价态散射离子所对应的反冲离子电荷态分布谱;经分析该谱得到直接多重电离截面与直接单电离截面之比R21.讨论了R21随入射离子速度和电荷态的变化关系.     

Direct dynamics studies for the reactions of CF3CHFCF3 and CF3CF2CHF2 with H atoms

The rate constants of the hydrogen abstraction reactions of CF₃CHFCF₃ + H (R1) and CF₃CF₂CHF₂ + H (R2) have been calculated by means of the dual-level direct dynamics method. Optimized geometries and frequencies of stationary points and extra points along the minimum-energy path (MEP) are obtained at the MPW1K/6-311+G(d,p) level, and the classical energetic information is further corrected with the interpolated single-point energy (ISPE) approach by the G3(MP2) level of theory. Using the canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with small-curvature tunneling corrections (SCT), the rate constants are evaluated over a wide temperature range of 200-2000 K. The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants are in good agreement with available experimental values. It is found that the variational effect is very small and almost negligible over the whole temperature region. However, the small-curvature tunneling correction plays an important role in the lower temperature range. Furthermore, the heats of formation of species CF₃CF₂CHF₂ (SC₁ or SC₂) and CF₃CF₂CF₂ are studied using isodesmic reactions to further elucidate the thermodynamic properties.     

直接辐射式扬声器系统的低频效率计算公式*

效率是扬声器系统的重要性能指标,然而常用的标称效率在低频范围并不适用。本文研究直接辐射式扬声器系统的低频效率,推导了基于TS参数的低频效率计算公式。针对封闭式扬声器系统和倒相式扬声器系统,开展实验验证,结果表明本文提出的计算公式得到的低频效率与实验测量得到的低频效率较为相符。进一步对比分析低频效率和标称效率,结果表明低频效率能够适用于低频,能准确地展示扬声器系统参数对效率的影响。利用本文提出的计算公式,有助于进一步优化提升扬声器系统的低频效率。     

Direct correlation function of the hard-sphere fluid

Two analytic approximations for the direct correlation function of a hard-sphere fluid are considered. The first follows from a generalization of the Percus–Yevick result in d dimensions, whereas the second arises in the Rational Function Approximation (RFA) method. Both approximations require the equation of state of the hard-sphere fluid as input. The results, derived after use of the Carnahan–Starling and the Padé 4 Ripoll, MS and Tejero, CF. 1995. Molec. Phys., 85: 423[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar],3 Wertheim, MS. 1963. Phys. Rev. Lett., 10: 321 J. Math. Phys. 5, 643 (1964); E. Thiele, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 474 (1963).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] equations of state in both approaches, are compared with simulation data. The comparison shows that the first approximation is rather accurate in the region inside the core, but inherits the limitation of the Percus–Yevick theory for distances beyond the hard-sphere diameter. On the other hand, the results of the RFA method are also accurate inside the core and capture well the initial part of the tail beyond the hard-sphere diameter, but fail to account for the subsequent oscillations observed in the simulations. Other merits and limitations of the two approaches are reported.     

投标预算与责任成本预算的成本分析

本文通过用成本分析法对投标预算和责任成本预算进行分析，来阐述如何解决投标工作的实际问题     

A refined integro-surface energy-based model for vibration of magnetically actuated double-nanowire-systems carrying electric current

A novel surface energy-based model is developed to examine more precisely vibrations of current-carrying double-nanowire-systems immersed in a longitudinal magnetic field. Using Biot-Savart and Lorentz laws, a more refined version of interwire interactional magnetic forces is presented. By employing Rayleigh beam theory, the equations of motion are derived. In fact, these are coupled integro-differential equations which are more accurate with respect to those of the previously developed models. For simply supported and clamped nanosystems, governing equations are analyzed via assumed mode method. The effects of interwire distance, slenderness ratio, electric current, magnetic field strength, and surface effect on the fundamental frequency are addressed carefully. The obtained results display the importance of exploiting the refined model for vibration analysis of nanosystems with low interwire distance, high electric current, and high magnetic field strength.     

Determination of Lead in Human Hair by High Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Microwave Digestion and Solid Sampling

The content of lead in human hair was measured by high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS) combined with microwave-assisted digestion (MAD) and direct solid sampling (DSS). Hair strands were washed, dried, and then cut into three parts (root, middle portion, and tip). For MAD-GFAAS assays, approximately 0.25 g of hair was completely digested using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closed system. In the DSS-GFAAS assays, 0.1–0.2 mg of dried hair was directly introduced into a graphite furnace using a solid autosampler. The temperature programs were optimized and the effects of various added modifiers were compared. The results indicated that NH₄H₂PO₄ was the optimal modifier for analysis of Pb using GFAAS. Use of the optimal modifier and temperature program gave similar limits of detection for MAD-GFAAS and DSS-GFAAS of 1.16 ng/g and 0.82 ng/g, respectively. Both methods also produced satisfactory recoveries ranging from 98.69% to 103.14%. There was no significant difference observed between the Pb contents of hair strands determined by the MAD-GFAAS and DSS-GFAAS assays, which both indicated that the Pb levels increased along the hair strands. Comparison of the two methods revealed that DSS-GFAAS had several advantageous characteristics over MAD-GFAAS, including the need for much less sample material and having a less time-consuming procedure, lower sample blank absorbance, lower memory effect, and no risk of environmental pollution by digesting chemicals. The direct solid sampling technique can be employed as a good alternative to conventional wet digestion in AAS assays.     

浅析公路工程预算和铁路工程预算编制区别

无论公路工程,还是铁路工程,他们费用形成本质上是一样的,基本上都是人工费用、材料费用、机械费用加上其他费用组成,区别在于专业名称不一样,采用的规范标准不一样,计算方法不一样。目前公路上使用的《公路工程基本建设项目概算预算编制办法》、《公路工程概算定额》、《公路工程预算定额》、《公路工程机械台班费用定额》为2008年1月1日起施行的新编办和定额,2010年1月发布的《公路工程工程量清单计量指南;》铁路上使用的编办为《铁路基本建设工程设计概(预)算编制办法》【2006】113号,铁路定额为2011年1月1日开始实施的铁路工程概算定额、铁路工程预算定额共29项定额标准,和2007年5月发布的《铁路工程工程量清单计价指南》,现就两个行业的具体的编制区别做一简略介绍。     

从成本曲线谈远程教育系统的成本效益优势

对远程教育系统和传统校园面授教育系统的成本曲线进行了分析,对传统校园面授教育和远程教育的成本效益进行对比,并探讨了远程教育的成本效益优势.     

Development of novel backwash cleaning technique for reverse osmosis in reclamation of secondary effluent

The objective of the study was to further develop a novel cleaning technique for reverse osmosis in reclamation of municipal secondary effluent. This technique is a new backwash method via direct osmosis (DO) by intermittent injection of the high salinity (HS) solution without stopping of high pressure pump and it is environment and membrane friendly technique. In the study, DO-HS trials were carried out with a UF-RO pilot system which was operated on site with the secondary treated effluent as the raw feed. Different operating conditions for DO-HS treatment in the actual process were investigated. It was found that the operation for implementation of the DO-HS cleaning technique developed was easy. For the first time, the actual profiles of HS concentration, DO backwash flow rate, brine flow rate and permeate pressure during DO-HS treatment have been demonstrated. It was observed that turbidity of the brine stream during DO-HS treatment at 3 NTU was 5 times higher than that before DO-HS treatment. The results from this study have confirmed the previous hypothesis with DO-HS treatment that there would be a strong driving force for DO backwash to lift and sweep the foulants from the membrane surface which would be carried over to the brine. The optimal plant operating conditions in terms of RO feed flow rate, HS concentration and HS injection time are ready for the DO-HS method to be adopted and validated in a long-term continuous plant operation.