考古学文化考证的瑶族千家峒

以考古学文化与瑶族《评皇券牒》、历史文献中的瑶族迁徙为依据探析千家峒的生成。据考古学文化与历史背景分析,辨析瑶族最早的千家峒在今天湖南临湘市龙窖山。江永大远千家峒、广西灌阳韭菜岭千家峒说,是世世代代不同人们的研究的诠释。     

毛竹枯梢病的综合治理技术

根据毛竹枯梢病的发生要展规律和发病竹林的立地条件，采取以养活侵染来源的基础，结合锄草松土，根据施氮磷复合肥等营林防治措施，以及采取挖除大年竹春冬笋破坏其侵染循环等相结合的综合治理措施，取得很好的防治效果。     

汽车覆盖件模具CAPP关键技术研究

在分析汽车覆盖件模具CAD/CAM技术特点和覆盖件模具CAPP 关键技术基础上,提出了基于宏工艺的面向数控编程的包含自由曲面类零件数控加工工艺规划模型,解决了曲面加工特征识别的难题-并提出了曲面数控加工区域划分的概念,在子区域内优化走刀路线的策略,解决了曲面数控加工刀具轨迹优化问题.     

硼矾共渗工艺在模具上的应用

通过试验,分析硼矾共渗处理后所得共渗层的组织结构、共渗处理工艺参数对共渗处理效果的影响及其渗后模具的耐磨性能。结果表明经硼钒共渗处理后钢的耐磨性能大大提高,模具的使用寿命比处理前成倍提高。     

从第十届中国国际模展 看现代模具工业的发展

从第十届中国国际技术和设备展览会参观与考察,了解现代模具企业的特征,阐述现代模具工业发展趋势。     

Study on the melt entry flow characteristics in axisymmetric dies with abrupt contraction by a visualization technique

The die entry characteristics of low density polyethylenes (LDPE) were studied using a 45 mm diameter single-screw extruder. The extruder incorporated a “transparent” die to enable direct visualization to be performed. With the addition of a small percent of red colour masterbatch into the main polymer bulk, melt circulation near the die entry at the wall was clearly observed. The dynamic behaviour of the polymer melt was recorded by a digital video recorder. Upon replaying the films, detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the flow characteristics was made. The die entry performance was defined by the dimensionless vortex size which was found to be most susceptible to the contraction ratio of a die. It was found that temperature and length to diameter ratio had little or no effects on the dimensionless vortex size which, in turn, may be estimated by either of the two correlations (one based on theory whereas the other was obtained from curve-fitting) developed.     

热锻模表层热影响与磨损形式

本文研究了汽车转向节热锻模型腔表层因热影响所引起的显微组织变化与磨损形式.通过金相观察、扫描电镜分析及显微硬度测定,结果表明模具在高温、巨烈摩擦力及冷热应力的循环作用下,型腔表层出现了两种与原始显微组织不同的白亮层,且在不同的白亮层区域内出现了不同形式的磨损.     

Dynamic Theory of Die Swell for Entangled Polymeric Liquids in Tube Extrusion: Correlations of Total and Ultimate Extrudate Swell Effects to Growth Time,Shear Stress and Aspect Ratio Under the Free States

The dynamic theory of die swell deduced in a previous paper was extensively applied to study the xtrudate swelling behaviors of two entangled polymeric liquids (HDPE and PBD) in a simple shear flow at steady shear stress. The mechanism and dynamics for the recoils and the recoveries of viscoelastic strains in the extrudate were investigated under the free recovery and dynamic states. It was found that in the course of recovery the free recoil and the growth of die swell in the extrudate may be divided into two recovery regions (instantaneous and delayed regions) and three growth stages (instantaneous, delayed, and ultimate extrudate swelling stages). The free recoil and the extrudate swelling behaviors may be expressed as a function of shear stress. The correlations of instantaneous, delayed, total and ultimate extrudate swell effects to the molecular parameters and the operational variables in the simple shear flow at steady shear stress were derived from the dynamic theory of die swell. Also, two sets of new universal equations on the total extrudate swelling effect (TESE) and ultimate extrudate swelling effect (UESE) were deduced. The first is the universal equation of the logarithmic correlation between the TESE and the growth time under the free and dynamic states; the second is the universal equation of the logarithmic correlation between the UESE and the operational variables under the free and equilibrium states. The first equation was verified by experimental data of PBD with different molecular weights at different operational variables. The second equation was verified by experimental data of HDPE at two temperatures and different operational variables. An excellent agreement result was obtained. The excellent agreement shows that the two universal equations can be used directly to predict the correlations of the TESE and UESE to the growth time, the molecular parameters, and the operational variables under the dynamic and equilibrium states.     

DEM simulations of die filling during pharmaceutical tabletting

The flow behaviour of powders from a stationary shoe into a moving die, which mimics the die filling process in a rotary tablet press, was analysed using a discrete element method （DEM）, in which 2D irregular shaped particles were considered. The influence of the particle shape, size and size distribution, the number of particles used in the simulation, the initial height of powder bed in the shoe, and the filling speed on the average mass flow rate and the critical filling speed （the highest speed at which the die can be completely filled） were explored. It has been found that a maximum flow rate is obtained at the critical filling speed for all systems investigated and poly-disperse systems have higher mass flow rates and higher critical filling speeds than mono-disperse systems. In addition, the powder with particles which can tessellate generally has a lower filling rate and a lower critical titling speed.     

A mixed finite element scheme for viscoelastic flows with XPP model

A mixed finite element formulation for viscoelastic flows is derived in this paper, in which the FIC （finite incremental calculus） pressure stabilization process and the DEVSS （discrete elastic viscous stress splitting） method using the Crank-Nicolson-based split are introduced within a general framework of the iterative version of the fractional step algorithm. The SU （streamline-upwind） method is particularly chosen to tackle the convective terms in constitutive equations of viscoelastic flows. Thanks to the proposed scheme the finite elements with equal low-order interpolation approximations for stress-velocity-pressure variables can be successfully used even for viscoelastic flows with high Weissenberg numbers. The XPP （extended Pom-Pom） constitutive model for describing viscoelastic behaviors is particularly integrated into the proposed scheme. The numerical results for the 4：1 sudden contraction flow problem demonstrate prominent stability, accuracy and convergence rate of the proposed scheme in both pressure and stress distributions over the flow domain within a wide range of the Weissenberg number, particularly the capability in reproducing the results, which can be used to explain the ＂die swell＂ phenomenon observed in the polymer injection molding process.