大孔树脂纯化准噶尔山楂色素的研究

研究大孔吸附树脂纯化准噶尔山楂色素的条件,通过方差分析确定纯化条件。结果表明:X-5树脂吸附和解吸附效果较好,最佳吸附条件是树脂柱径高比1:15、流速3 mL/min、pH3.0、色素液浓度1 g/L;以95%乙醇做洗脱剂、pH2.0、流速5mL/min、3倍于柱床体积的洗脱剂条件下解吸附效果最佳。制取的色素产品外观呈紫红色,色价为28.43。     

Review of recent advances in the preparation of organic polymer monoliths for liquid chromatography of large molecules

In recent years the use of monolithic polymers in separation science has greatly increased due to the advantages these materials present over particle-based stationary phases, such as their relative ease of preparation and good permeability. For these reasons, these materials present high potential as stationary phases for the separation and purification of large molecules such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids and cells. An example of this is the wide range of commercial available polymer-based monolithic columns now present in the market.     

Tuning properties of silver particle monolayers via controlled adsorption-desorption processes

Nanoparticle self-assembly at fluid-fluid interfaces has been traditionally exploited in emulsification, encapsulation and oil recovery, and more recently in emerging applications including functional nanomaterials and biphasic catalysis. We provide a review of the literature focusing on the open challenges that still hamper the broader applicability of this potentially transformative technology, and we outline strategies to achieve improved control over interfacial self-assembly of nanoparticles. First, we discuss means to promote spontaneous adsorption by tuning the interfacial energies of the nanoparticles with the fluids using capping ligands, and the occurrence of energy barriers. We then examine the interactions between interfacial nanoparticles and how they affect the formation of equilibrium interfacial suspensions versus non-equilibrium two-dimensional phases, such as weakly attractive glasses and gels. Important differences with colloidal interactions in a bulk suspension arise due to the discontinuity in solvent properties at the interface. For instance, ligand brushes rearrange in asymmetric configurations, and thus play a significant role in determining interparticle interactions. Finally, we briefly discuss the link between interfacial microstructure and the dynamic response of particle-laden interfaces, including interfacial rheology and the fate of nanoparticle monolayers upon out-of-plane deformation.     

Trap and Desorption Gc/Ms for Detection Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Motorcycles Emission

ABSTRACT

The application of trap and desorption GC/MS to monitoring of sixteen PAHs in the exhaust emissions from motorcycles was investigated. The time of sampling and analysis for one sample is in 40 minutes. The relative standard deviations were estimated from 20% to 34% for monitoring the total concentrations of PAHs from the emissions of motorcycles. The PAH concentrations appeared to show distinct variations with the stroke, engine size and the aging of motorcycles. The predominate of PAHs in the emissions of motorcycle were naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Naphthalene exhibited the highest concentration that was obtained over 79% of the total concentration of sixteen PAHs in the emissions of the over nine years old motorcycles.     

A Method of Determining the Efficiency of Air Sampling Traps to Collect and Release Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract

A new method is described that facilitates determining the efficiency of air sampling traps to adsorb and thermally desorb volatile organic compounds. A known volume of a liquid standard of volatile organic compounds is vaporized into an air stream, a fraction of which is collected on an air sampling trap. This trap is subsequently thermally desorbed and analyzed using a GC/FID. The efficiency of the trap to adsorb and thermally desorb each compound tested is calculated.     

Desorption induced by hot electrons: wave packet calculation of CO on Cu surfaces

A quantum mechanical photodesorption model, valid for metallic substrates and sub-picosecond laser pulses, is presented. It takes into consideration the photodesorption coordinate and models the metal hot-electron mediated desorption by a three electronic states: an ionic state of the adsorbate and two effective states representing the continuum of the metal. This multiple-state picture allows the sharing of the flow of energy injected by the laser between the adsorbate and the substrate. For the first time, the present modeling introduces the hot electrons of the metal through an optical potential based on the kinetic model developed earlier by the authors. This potential, and the resulting desorption yield, depend on the laser fluence. For CO on Cu(1 0 0) or Cu(1 1 1), the results are in fair agreement with the experimental findings.     

绿茶对水溶液中Pb2+和Cd2+吸附性能初步研究

研究了绿茶对溶液中Pb2 和Cd2 离子的吸附和解吸性质。考察了pH、温度、吸附时间对绿茶吸附性能的影响,得到吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线。结果表明,茶叶在pH为4~6的弱酸性范围内对两种金属离子的吸附效果最佳,在30℃时,茶叶对Pb2 和Cd2 的饱和吸附量分别为46.66 mg/g和33.29mg/g,吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,并对吸附机理进行了初步的探讨。对解吸条件研究发现,用0.1 mol/L HCl和EDTA作为解吸剂,对Pb2 和Cd2 的解吸效果较好,解吸率达80%以上,可有效回收重金属Pb2 和Cd2 。     

AB-8大孔树脂对菱角壳黄酮提取物的吸附性能研究

弱极性大孔树脂AB-8用于野生菱角壳提取物中的黄酮类化合物的分离纯化.实验结果表明,AB-8大孔树脂对菱角壳黄酮提取物的吸附在1 h后基本达到平衡,饱和吸附量为89.2 mg/g,最大吸附率为78.4%,当流速为10 mL/min,样品量为0.052 5 g时,用70%的乙醇对菱角壳提取物中黄酮类化合物进行解吸的解吸率为82.3%.     

腐植酸树脂处理含镍废水的研究

以丰富低廉的风化煤为原料,经活化转型后,制成腐植酸树脂。该树脂系天然高分子化合物,分子中含有大量的羧基,羟基,醌基等活性基团。利用它处理含镍废水,吸附力强、交换性好、净化率高、且无二次污染。静态吸附和动态交换表明:交换容量大、使用寿命长、净化率远远超过国产732型阳离子交换树脂。饱和吸附与交换后的腐植酸树脂,经脱附再生后仍可继续使用。     

Growth and decomposition of lithium and lithium hydride on nickel

In this paper we have investigated the deposition, structure and decomposition of lithium and lithium-hydride films on a nickel substrate. Using surface sensitive techniques it was possible to quantify the deposited Li amount, and to optimize the deposition procedure for synthesizing lithium-hydride films.By only making thin films of LiH it is possible to study the stability of these hydride layers and compare it directly with the stability of pure Li without having any transport phenomena or adsorbed oxygen to obscure the results. The desorption of metallic lithium takes place at a lower temperature than the decomposition of the lithium-hydride, confirming the high stability and sintering problems of lithium-hydride making the storage potential a challenge.