Asymmetry in the Multiprotein Systems of Molecular Biology

Signaling in living systems needs to achieve high specificity, to be reversible, and to achieve high signal to noise. Signaling mediated by multiprotein systems has evolved that avoids the requirement for high-affinity binary complexes that would be difficult to reverse and which, in the overcrowded cell, would lead to excessive noise in the system. Symmetrical structures are only occasionally formed. When they are, it is principally to colocate components, for example, the tyrosyl kinases of growth factors, where dimers form. Symmetry is, however, often broken, presumably to create more sensitivity and specificity in the signaling system by assembling other components, into higher-order multiprotein systems. The binding of a single heparin to two 1:1 FGF:FGFR complexes is an example, as is the binding of a single ligase to the Xrcc4 dimer, perhaps so creating a further DNA-binding site.     

单核苷酸多态性研究进展及其在法庭科学中的应用

单核苷酸多态性(Singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNP)是人类基因组中单个碱基的变异,其最低基因频率不低于1%,是倍受关注的第三代多态性遗传标记,为法医物证检验提供了新的方向,本文就其研究最新进展、应用及检测手段作一综述.     

Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Malachite Green with DNA and Its Application

The interaction of malachite green (MG) with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in pH 7.0 Britton–Robinson (B–R) buffer solution was investigated by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Within the potential scan range of ?1.0 to +1.5 V (vs. SCE), MG has two oxidative peaks at 0.547 V and 0.833 V and one reductive peak at 0.362 V on cyclic voltammogram at the scan rate of 0.20 V/s. After the addition of dsDNA into the MG solution, the oxidative peak current at 0.547 V decreases obviously. The electrochemical parameters, such as the charge transfer coefficient (α), the surface reaction rate constant (k_s) and the diffusion coefficient (D), were calculated and compared between in the absence and presence of dsDNA. The results show that these parameters of MG after adding dsDNA have greatly changed, which indicates that an electrochemical active complex was formed. The interaction mechanisms of MG with dsDNA are discussed in some details from the electrochemistry and UV‐vis spectrophotometry. The reduction of the peak current of MG after adding dsDNA was further used for the quantification of dsDNA by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The linear range for dsDNA is in the range of 10.0–100.0 μg/mL with the linear regression equation as Δi_p (μA)=0.065+0.0096 C (μg/mL) and the detection limit of 6.0 μg/mL (3σ). The influences of coexisting substances were investigated and artificial samples were determined with satisfactory results.     

Synthetic DNA and Biology (Nobel Lecture)

Most of the significant work has been summarized in a number of reviews and articles. In these there was, of necessity, a good deal of simplification and omission of detail…. With the passage of time, even I find myself accepting such simplified accounts. F Sanger^[1]     

Predicting the onset of DNA supercoiling using a non-linear hemitropic elastic rod

Elastic rod models provide a means to interpret single molecule DNA experiments as well as predict DNA behavior under physiological conditions. Here we use an elastic rod model to predict the stability boundary (critical torque vs. applied tension) for single molecule DNA experiments in which the molecule is subjected to applied tension and twist. We discuss the shortcomings of the usual isotropic rod model. We then derive a consistent non-linear material law from the general representation for a hemitropic (chiral) rod. Finally, we present results of a standard bifurcation analysis predicting the stability boundary. We find results from the non-linear hemitropic rod to match the data closely.     

Synthesis of a hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamide conjugate containing a quinone methide precursor and vinyl linking group

Standard procedures for elaborating a quinone methide precursor for conjugation to a DNA ligand was not compatible with the presence of a vinyl group. Instead, an acrylate linker was attached by Heck coupling subsequent to o-substitution of the phenolic precursor. This transformation required protection of the phenolic group and use of ethyl acrylate rather than acrylic acid. The presence of the vinyl group also rendered the quinone methide precursor more labile to alkaline conditions than its equivalent saturated derivative and required mild conditions for coupling to the pyrrole-imidazole polyamide.     

基于水杨醛的手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA相互作用研究

以水扬醛为基本原料,合成了2种具有手性的Salen-Mn配合物,通过圆二色(CD)光谱、吸收光谱、粘度和凝胶电泳等方法研究了2种配合物与DNA的作用.结果显示:这2种配合物不以插入模式与DNA结合,但显示出化学核酸酶性质,在H2O2存在下,能够断裂DNA,将pBR 322 DNA由formⅠ转化为formⅡ.图6,参12.     

分析化学几个领域的发展现状

综合分析生物电化学、功能高分子修饰电极及现代分析仪器几个领域的发展现状及应用前景。     

Breakage of λ-DNA by inorganic tin and organotin compounds as environmental pollutants

In proportion to the environmental pollution problems caused by organotin compounds, the genotoxicities of tin compounds in the environments have become of interest so as to estimate their safety in recent years. In this work, isolated λ-DNA (double-strand DNA) was incubated with inorganic tin(II) and tin(IV) and five organotin compounds [n-butyltin trichloride, di(n-butyltin) dichloride, methyltin trichloride, dimethyltin dichloride and trimethyltin chloride] in reaction systems both with and without hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content. The tin compounds tested in this study did not induce DNA breakage in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl₂) and tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl₄) caused DNA breakage in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM), and the DNA damage activity of inorganic tin was much more potent in divalent inorganic tin (SnCl₂) than in tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl₄). Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl₂) induced DNA breakage in a concentration-dependent fashion at concentrations greater than 0.1 mM of SnCl₂ in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM). DNA breakage was not caused by n-butyltin compounds and methyltin compounds either in the presence or in the absence of hydrogen peroxide.     

Algorithm of graph isomorphism with threedimensional DNA graph structures

ResearchonDNAcomputingwasinitializedin1994 ,whenAdleman[1] proposedamethodofsolvingasmallinstanceoftheHamiltonianPathproblembyalaboratoryexperimentinvolvingDNAmolecules .Later,Lipton[2 ] demonstratedhowalargeclassofNP completeproblemscouldbesolvedbyencodingtheprobleminDNAmolecules .Inparticular ,LiptonshowedonefamousNP problem ,theso called“satisfiability”problem (SAT)andsubsequentlytheotherNP problemscouldbeencodedandsolvedusingmolecules .TheadvantagesofDNAcomputingareitsmassivepa…