VSWR reduction for large millimeter-wave cassegrain radiotelescopes

Multiple reflections in large radiotelescopes used for astronomical spectroscopy cause characteristic modulations of the observed spectrum (baseline ripple). For a given mechanism, the magnitude of the effect depends primarily on the reflection coefficient, which for the most important paths is proportional to . Although ripple is thus generally negligible at mm-wavelengths, there are some instances where it may still be significant, and a recent experiment at the15 m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope was severely affected. We describe a technique which has proved effective in reducing the ripple to an acceptable level.The purpose of this research note is to draw this technique to the attention of the astronomical community. We calculate the reflection coefficient for a typical instrument and show that it can be greatly reduced over a very broad bandwidth by means of a tapered absorber in the centre of the secondary mirror. The graphical analysis of the tapered absorber also demonstrates that the scattering cones and circular absorbers widely used in radioastronomy donot in fact reduce the reflection coefficient significantly.     

Determination of trace metals in industrial boron carbide by solid sampling optical emission spectrometry. Optimization of DC arc excitation (current, atmosphere and chemical modifier)

Graphite arc emission spectrometry has become possible as a result of the invention of novel types of optical spectrometers with Echelle-optics and semiconductor array detectors, and by the application of electronically controlled, high current arc generators. An optimization of the excitation parameters to boron carbide analysis is reported here, measuring background corrected line intensities that were integrated for the time of total evaporation of 5 mg boron carbide sample with or without added chemical modifiers. The following set of experimental conditions were compared with respect of analytical sensitivity and precision: (A) no modifier, Ar + O₂ (20%), 16 A; (B) sample + graphite powder (1 + 1), Ar + O₂ (20%), 16 A; (C) sample + CaF₂ (1 + 1), Ar, 25 A; (D) sample + CaF₂ + graphite powder (1 + 1 + 1), Ar, 25 A. The graphite powder modifier resulted in improved precision in general, and the CaF₂ was effective as a plasma ionization buffer and fluorinating agent. The best compromise was found under conditions B, when oxygen was present in the discharge atmosphere. This is likely due to the stepwise conversion of the boron carbide matrix to the more volatile boron oxide. Under conditions B, detection limits in the ranges of 0.3–9 μg g⁻¹ for Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Si and that of 18–38 μg g⁻¹ for Ti, W, and Zr were attained. Average RSDs of 10.2 and 9.7% were found, respectively, without and with internal referencing to boron.     

Caracterisation par analyse calorimetrique differentielle des complexes entre LiAlH4 et les ethers-couronnes 12-C-4, 15-C-5, dicyclohexano-18-C-6

The thermal behaviour of complexes [Li⁺-EC](AlH₄)^– withEC=12-C-4, 15-C-5, DC 18-C-6 (cis-anti-cis andcis-syn-cis isomers) was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). These complexes were prepared as solids from benzene solutions. Pure EC and several solvated species [Li⁺-EC](AlH₄)^–·nC₆H₆ (EC=15-C-5, DC 18-C-6syn) were also studied. DSC has revealed various phenomena. Solid-solid transitions were observed before melting for [Li⁺-EC](AlH₄)^– withEC=12-C-4 and 15-C-5. They are probably explained by small molecular modifications strongly dependent on the thermal history of the sample. A glass-transition was found for the pure crown-ether DC 18-C-6anti, the complex [Li⁺-EC](A1H₄)^– withEC=DC-18-C-6anti and the two solvates mentioned above.

     

壁电荷对ACPDP中气体击穿电压的影响

用电容平衡法测量ACPDP宏放电单元在维持放电期的壁电荷变化,并根据宏放电单元壁电荷电压和外加最小维持电压的测量结果计算实际施加在放电气体上的击穿电压,探讨壁电荷电压对放电气体实际击穿电压的影响.实验结果表明:随着ACPDP外加最小维持电压的增加,壁电荷电压升高,气体的击穿电压也随之升高;有壁电荷时的气体击穿电压明显高于无壁电荷时的气体击穿电压,随着壁电荷电压从7.62 V升高到67.89 V,有壁电荷时的气体击穿电压比无壁电荷时的气体击穿电压分别提高了6.98 V到57.09 V;壁电荷增加会显著提高了放电气体的击穿电压阈值,使ACPDP内放电气体的击穿变得困难.     

中药柴胡提取物对人肝癌细胞BEL-7402细胞内VCR蓄积的影响

目的　测定中药柴胡(BupleurunChineseDC,BCDC)提取物对人肝癌细胞BEL 7402细胞内VCR蓄积的影响,以探索柴胡逆转BEL 7402细胞多药耐药的机制.方法　高效液相色谱法测定BCDC作用于BEL 7402后细胞内VCR蓄积情况的变化.结果　柴胡可使人肝癌细胞BEL 7402细胞内VCR浓度升高(P<0.01).结论　柴胡可以增加VCR在BEL 7402细胞内的积聚浓度,部分逆转BEL 7402细胞的MDR.     

铅烟除尘特性研究

简述静电除尘的电晕放电、尘粒荷电、尘粒运动与捕集的基本原理;重点讨论了铅烟高压静电发生器的绝缘结构、电场特性、低压回路、高压回路、本体设计等.通过研究得出结论:铅烟除尘器本体可采用直径800 mm圆柱形宽极间距结构,其高压绝缘可采用3 240与3 260环氧玻璃布作为主绝缘体,高压采样系统宜采用高压电阻直接取样方式,响应快,控制灵活.     

基于多Agent的监控调度系统软件模型

针对传统监控系统软件的缺陷,本文在介绍Agent概念的基础上,对Agent技术在监控系统中的应用进行研究,提出了基于多Agent的监控调度系统软件模型,并在实际中进行了应用.     

CO2监测分析仪在监测过程中对桥室温度的恒温控制

CO2监测分析仪在监测过程中,CO2监测值的精度是由CO2监测分析仪的桥室参比温度是否恒定而决定的.老式监测分析仪桥室温度是采用断续的双位恒温调节,其温度调节误差大,一般只能在±1℃左右,所以CO2监测值的精度低.采用微机交流调压的CO2监测分析仪桥室恒温调节,其温度调节器采用PID调节,使桥室温度误差可控制在±0.2℃,提高了CO2监测值的监测精度.     

无刷直流电机模糊控制系统的建模与仿真

从无刷直流电机的基本原理出发,提出了无刷直流电机控制系统仿真建模的新方法.该方法在Mat-lab/Simulink中按功能进行模块化建模,用M文件来编写功能函数,实现了电流滞环和转速模糊控制的双闭环调速系统的仿真.利用该模型分析了电机的动静态性能,得到了电机运行时的反电动势、相电流、转矩和速度曲线,与一般比例积分与微分控制相比,系统响应时间缩短一半,且无超调,具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应能力.该模型准确易行,便于替换和修改,为今后分析该类电机和对其控制策略的研究提供了新的方法.     

三电平逆变器中点电位平衡电路的设计与仿真

多电平逆变器在中高压大功率场合得到了广泛的研究和应用 .二极管中点箝位三电平逆变器是一种简单实用的多电平逆变器 ,但是三电平逆变器直流侧中点电位偏移问题影响着逆变器及其电机调速系统的可靠性 .为此提出了一种用于三电平逆变器中点电位平衡的硬件电路 ,详细介绍了其工作原理以及参数设定 ,并用Matlab/Simulink仿真工具对系统进行了研究 ,给出了较好的仿真结果 .