Effects of Physical Agents on Muscle Healing with a Focus on Animal Model Research

Skeletal muscle injury is caused by a variety of events, such as muscle laceration, contusions, or strain. Muscle fibers respond to minor damage with immediate repair mechanisms that reseal the cell membrane. On the other hand, repair of irreversibly damaged fibers is achieved by activation of muscle precursor cells. Muscle repair is not always perfect, especially after severe damage, and can lead to excessive fibroblast proliferation that results in the formation of scar tissue within muscle fibers. Remaining scar tissue can impair joint movement, reduce muscular strength, and inhibit exercise ability; therefore, to restore muscle function, minimizing the extent of injury and promoting muscle regeneration are necessary. Various physical agents, such as cold, thermal, electrical stimulation, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy, have been reported as treatments for muscle healing. Although approaches based on the muscle regeneration process have been under development, the most efficacious physiological treatment for muscle injury remains unclear. In this review, the influence of these physical agents on muscle injury is described with a focus on research using animal models.     

Effects of Lower-limb Muscle Fatigue,Cardiopulmonary Fatigue,and Brain FatigueTasks on One-legged Landing Motion

Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most frequent sportsinjuries, and previous studies have shown that fatigue is a risk factor for sports injuries.This study aimed to inform prevention of ACL injury by investigating how exercise and desk tasks affect trunk and lower limb alignment and ground reaction force (GRF) during one-legged landing movements. Methods: The study subjects were 12 men who performed a one-legged landing movement from a 30-cm platform before and after fatigue tasks, including lower-limb muscle fatigue, cardiopulmonary fatigue, and brain fatigue tasks. For the measurement of joint angles and moments and GRF, a three-dimensional motion analysis device and a floor reaction-force meter were used. Statistics were performed using Wilcoxon''s signed rank sum test as a multiple comparison test with Bonferroni adjustment to compare the difference in effects. Results: The maximum trunk flexion angle during landing on one leg was significantly lower in the brain fatigue group than in the control group. The time to peak vertical GRF (pGRF) was significantly shorter in the leg-muscle fatigue group than in the control group. Conclusion: Brain fatigue may have altered the postural strategy before and after landing, resulting in a decrease in trunk flexion angle. Time to pVGRF was shortened in the leg muscle fatigue group, suggesting that there may be an increased risk of ACL injury. Time to pVGRF during lower extremity muscle fatigue and trunk flexion angle during brain fatigue may be more pronounced during actual sports activities.     

Ultrasound-assisted preparation of ‘Ready-to-use’ extracts from Radix Paeoniae Rubra with natural deep eutectic solvents and neuroprotectivity evaluation of the extracts against cerebral ischemic/ reperfusion injury

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) is widely applied in the extraction of nutrients from natural resources as a greener alternative for fossil solvent. In the present work, 27 different NaDESs were screened for the extraction of paeoniflorin (PF) and galloyl paeoniflorin (GPF) from Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR). After screening and extraction parameter optimization, the extraction yields of PF and GPF reached up to 182.8 mg/g and 77.4 mg/g with the selected NaDES, ChCl-Sor. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity in vitro and neuroprotectivity in vivo of the ‘ready-to-use’ extracts were evaluated comprehensively. Especially in vivo, the cerebral ischemic/ reperfusion injury model was established in rats and the protective effects of the RPR extracts were determined. The results not only proved that NaDES is a valuable green extraction media, but also indicated the safety and potential pharmaceutical application of NaDES based ‘ready-to-use’ extracts from medical plants.     

Prediction of vascular injury by cavitation microbubbles in a focused ultrasound field

Many studies have shown that microbubble cavitation is one mechanism for vascular injury under ultrasonic excitation. Previous work has attributed vascular damage to vessel expansions and invaginations due to the expansion and contraction of microbubbles. However, the mechanisms of vascular damage are not fully understood. In this paper, we investigate, theoretically and experimentally, the vessel injury due to stress induced by ultrasound-induced cavitation (UIC). A bubble-fluid-vessel coupling model is constructed to investigate the interactions of the coupling system. The dynamics process of vessel damage due to UIC is theoretically simulated with a finite element method, and a focused ultrasound (FU) setup is carried out and used to assess the vessel damage. The results show that shear stress contributes to vessel injury by cell detachment while normal stress mainly causes distention injury. Similar changes in cell detachment in a vessel over time can be observed with the experimental setup. The severity of vascular injury is correlated to acoustic parameters, bubble-wall distance, and microbubble sizes, and the duration of insonation..     

针灸在治疗运动性损伤中的运用

本文例举了针灸医治运动性损伤的理论根据,和笔者以针灸为主治疗60例不同部位的运动性损伤的方法。同时,本文还就60例病案医治方法提出了它们治疗时的共性、及不同病症所采用不同选穴、配穴和针法的辨证施治。并且指出了治疗时应注意的事项。进一步论证了用针灸方法治疗某些运动性损伤的可行性和实用性。     

关于相对化多项式界计算的一些结果

本文给出了三个相对化的 P 与 NP 的结果。在 S.Homer 及 W.Maass 的基础上,利用递归论中的优先方法,包括有穷损害优先方法。我们进一步研究相对化的 P 与 NP 问题的结构。比如,证明了存在两个互不可比的 P-禁集。此外,类似于递归中的算术分层及破分性,我们讨论了相对化多项式界计算的有关问题。     

阿是穴在临床中的运用

中医的腧穴是精妙而神奇的，而阿是穴作为腧穴的一个重要组成部分，以其无固定部位，无具体名称，灵活性强、疗效显著而得到许多医者的重视。以中医经筋为整体，结合现代解剖学知识，根据肌肉的分布，附着部位，寻找这类阿是穴是行之有效的。笔者在临床中根据刺激阿是穴患者的感应不同及分布与意义的不同将阿是穴分为三类：痛舒阿是穴、痛显阿是穴、痛止阿是穴，在临床上能够准确找到这些阿是穴并灵活运用，对提高推合疗效有着十分重要的意义。     

嗅神经鞘细胞移植恢复大鼠损伤脊髓的功能

为探讨嗅神经鞘细胞移植恢复大鼠损伤脊髓的功能 ,将成年大鼠分为脊髓半切洞损伤组 (A组 )和脊髓半切洞损伤 嗅神经鞘细胞移植组 (B)组 ,手术后应用联合行为评分 (CBS)感觉诱发电位 (SEP)和运动诱发电位 (MEP)检查 ,测定脊髓功能恢复情况 .结果 2组CBS得分 ,A组 >B组 ,SEP和MEP潜峰时均A组 >B组 ,统计学分析均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) .表明移植嗅神经鞘细胞能恢复损伤脊髓的功能     

激素治疗急性脊髓损伤的研究进展

综述了激素治疗急性脊髓损伤方面的研究进展 ,内容涉及到其基础研究和临床应用。     

马尾松种源耐寒性的地理变异

对在南京地区的马尾松49个种源试验9年生林分遭受-15℃低温后的冻害调查结果表明,不同种源间耐寒性(冻害)变异极显著。种源冻害表现出从西南向东北逐步减轻;同纬度自西向东明显减轻的倾群地理变异模式。影响冻害的地理、气候因子主要有经度(负相关)、一月均温(正相关)和海拔高度(负相关)。冻害程度与高、径生长呈正相关,与冠幅、开花指数呈负相关。通过典范相关分析和聚类分析,将49个种源按冻害地理变异分成3个类群。