中华六索线虫的生物学观察

用光镜研究了中华六索线虫生活史各期形态,包括其生长和蜕皮;结合扫描电镜观察成虫期形态并应用组织切片技术研究其内部的组织结构。实验室人工感染成功 4 种昆虫宿主,其中家蚕(Bombyx mori)和伊蚊属(Aedes)幼虫为新纪录,同时也研究了相关的昆虫宿主病理及症状。     

两种野生鸟类染色体组型初报

本文以骨髓或羽髓细胞为材料,分析了两种鸟的染色体组型,其结果锡嘴雀2n=78±,AN=88±;白头鹎2n=80±,AN=88±。两个种均具有典型的鸟类两型性核型,即核型中有7对大型染色体和32—33对微小染色体。白头鹎的核型尚属首次报道。与已经报道的本属另一物种——黑喉红臀鹎的核型相比较,讨论了它们的演化关系。白头鹎可能属较原始的物种。     

野生扬子鳄栖息地土壤金属元素含量初步研究

2002年9—11月，作者在皖南地区对扬子鳄栖息地进行了质量评估，主要是对现有野生鳄的栖息地以及曾经有鳄分布的栖息地共20样点土壤中的Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg等7种金属元素含量进行测定，对重金属元素的数据分析，采用我国土壤元素背景值作为评价标准，每个样点的污染程度以多因子评价指数为指标，发现曾经有鳄分布的样地土壤中的重金属元素含量较其它样地的重金属元素含量高，野生扬子鳄对于栖息地的无机环境是有一定的依赖性的，人类的生产、生活不但影响了野生扬子鳄的生物环境，也影响和改变了野生扬子鳄的无机环境。     

皂荚幼苗(Gledistsua sinensis Lam)初生维管组织的解剖学研究

对皂荚的初生维管组织进行了解剖学观察,结果显示皂荚的根-下胚轴-子叶-上胚轴为一个连续的结构.下胚轴中的维管组织大部分延伸到子叶当中,但上下胚轴之间仍是通过由下胚轴进入到上胚轴的少数的维管组织直接相连的,而并非如一些文献所描述的上胚轴的维管组织是添加在下胚轴上的.但上胚轴的维管组织仅与下胚轴中一部分维管组织束相连,这与以往的报道也有所不同.     

HgCl2与CdCl2对河蟹精子DNA损伤的单细胞凝胶电泳检测研究

采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术，研究了HgCl2和CdCl2对河蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）精子DNA损伤的影响.HgCl2和CdCl2各设置6个相同的浓度梯度，分别为0 mmol/L，0.01 mmol/L，0.05 mmol/L，0.1 mmol/L，1 mmol/L，5 mmol/L，处理温度为37 ℃（水浴），处理时间为1 h；SCGE的检测指标为DNA拖尾长度和DNA损伤率.结果表明，对照组DNA未受损伤，在电场中核DNA几乎不泳动，染色后呈圆形的荧光团，无拖尾现象；各处理组精子DNA均不同程度受损，电泳染色后均呈现彗星状荧光团，且随着HgCl2和CdCl2浓度的升高，河蟹精子DNA迁移距离和损伤率亦随之增加，DNA损伤程度与其浓度之间存在明显的“剂量-效应”关系.此外，本实验亦证实SCGE可用于河蟹精子DNA损伤的检测.     

鳖白底板病的显微和超微结构观察

对鳖白底板病的显微与超微结构病理学进行了研究 .结果表明 :肠上皮萎缩、微绒毛脱落、胞器减少 .肝脏病变最为严重 ,其实质细胞肿胀 ,胞核结构异常 ,进而呈脂肪变性、溶酶体大量增多 ,局部出现坏死病灶 ,肾近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、颗粒变性、细胞自溶 .脾脏红髓缩小 ,多数细胞及核异形 ,严重者细胞破裂、解体 .心肌细胞透明样变、横纹横糊 ,胞核固缩 .病变组织中红血细胞数量锐减 ,炎性细胞增多 .病变细胞内多数线粒体和内质网扩张、基质流失呈空泡化     

内蒙古皇甫川流域两种沙棘水分生理生态特征比较

内蒙古皇甫川流域位于鄂尔多斯高原的东端，是黄河中游水土流失治理、生态环境建设的重点区域．沙棘作为一种治理水土流失，改善生态环境的重要水土保持灌木树种，在该流域有广泛的人工种植．2002年，在自然条件下，对皇甫川流域海子塔水土保持实验站内的中国沙棘和引进种俄罗斯大果沙棘的蒸腾耗水特征应用LI-l600稳态气孔计进行野外测定．结果表明：植物蒸腾速率大小是植物自身特征和环境因子综合作用的结果，各因子的变化均可影响蒸腾速率的大小；中国沙棘蒸腾速率日变化波动较大，季节变化也大于大果沙棘，说明中国沙棘对环境因子的敏感度大于大果沙棘．     

Isolation of N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-Substituted Flavanols from White Tea Using Centrifugal Countercurrent Chromatography Off-Line ESI-MS Profiling and Semi-Preparative Liquid Chromatography

N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavanols (EPSF) are marker compounds for long-term stored white teas. However, due to their low contents and diasteromeric configuration, EPSF compounds are challenging to isolate. In this study, two representative epimeric EPSF compounds, 5′′′R- and 5′′′S-epigallocatechin gallate-8-C N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (R-EGCG-cThea and S-EGCG-cThea), were isolated from white tea using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Two different biphasic solvent systems composed of 1. N-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:5:1:5, v/v/v/v) and 2. N-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (0.7:3.0:1.3:5.0, v/v/v/v) were used for independent pre-fractionation experiments; 500 mg in each separation of white tea ethyl acetate partition were fractionated. The suitability of the two solvent systems was pre-evaluated by electrospray mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analysis for metabolite distribution and compared to the results of the CPC experimental data using specific metabolite partition ratio K_D values, selectivity factors α, and resolution factors R_S. After size-exclusion and semi-preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography, 6.4 mg of R-EGCG-cThea and 2.9 mg of S-EGCG-cThea were recovered with purities over 95%. Further bioactivity evaluation showed that R- and S-EGCG-cThea possessed in vitro inhibition effects on α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ of 70.3 and 161.7 μM, respectively.     

A Multitarget Approach to Evaluate the Efficacy of Aquilaria sinensis Flower Extract against Metabolic Syndrome

Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng is known for its resinous secretion (agarwood), often secreted in defense against injuries. We investigated the effects of A. sinensis flower extract (AF) on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ), liver X receptor (LXR), glucose uptake, and lipid accumulation (adipogenesis). Activation of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR was determined in hepatic (HepG2) cells by reporter gene assays. Glucose uptake was determined in differentiated muscle (C2C12) cells using 2-NBDG (2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose). Adipogenesis was determined in adipocytes (3T3-L1 cells) by Oil red O staining. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, AF caused 12.2-fold activation of PPARα and 5.7-fold activation of PPARγ, while the activation of LXR was only 1.7-fold. AF inhibited (28%) the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (32.8%) in muscle cells at 50 μg/mL. It was concluded that AF acted as a PPARα/γ dual agonist without the undesired effect of adipogenesis and exhibited the property of enhancing glucose uptake. This is the first report to reveal the PPARα/γ dual agonistic action and glucose uptake enhancing property of AF along with its antiadipogenic effect, indicating its potential in ameliorating the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.     

饲料中锰对中华米虾SOD活性的影响

初步研究了饲料中添加不同剂量的锰对中华米虾(Caridina denticulata sinensis)体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响.实验表明,适量质量浓度的微量元素锰(0.26 mg/g)在一定时间内对中华米虾体内SOD的激活作用显著,但超过一定质量浓度,就会降低SOD的活性;随着养殖时间的延长,饲料中添加锰后,中华米虾体内SOD的活性反而下降.说明饲料中添加锰表现出明显的剂量效应和时间效应.