蟹类的营养需求研究及其配合饲料研制

概述了中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）、青蟹（Sclla sp）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatu）等几种主要养殖蟹类的营养需求研究及其配合饲料研制的进展．主要包括蟹类的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂类、脂肪酸、磷脂、胆固醇、碳水化合物、维生隶、矿物质等营养需求研究及其配合饲料研制成果．最后。对今后开展蟹类营养需求研究以及系列配合饲料研制提出了若干建议．     

当归水培苗的组织培养

以甘肃漳县当年的当归(Angelicasinensis(Oliv.)Diels)种子经萌发而得的幼嫩水培苗为材料进行组织培养研究,结果表明:最佳诱导愈伤组织的培养基是H 0 5mg/L2,4-D;产生愈伤组织的能力依次是叶柄,根尖,叶片;愈伤组织的最佳增殖培养基是MS 1 0mg/L2,4-D 0 2mg/L6-BA;水培苗的最佳壮苗、增殖培养基是MS 1 0mg/LIAA 300mg/LLH 5 0mg/L6-BA;最佳生根培养基是MS 1 0mg/LIAA 300mg/LLH.     

中华鳖白细胞发生的观察

通过对中华鳖骨髓、脾脏、肝脏、肾脏及外周血等几种组织涂片或印片的观察研究，发现骨髓是中华鳖粒细胞的主要发生器官，而脾脏是中华鳖淋巴细胞和单核细胞的主要发生器官，白细胞的发育过程大致经过3个阶段，即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段，着重描述了各个阶段细胞的形态特征．     

四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠对生境选择的初步研究

作者通过随机设置112个20m×20m的样方,采用Vanderloeg和Scaiva选择指数对四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠生境选择进行了研究.结果表明,中华竹鼠喜欢选择东南坡、中坡位、坡度适中(25-45°)、上层乔木郁闭度大于50%的常绿落阔混交林或落叶阔叶林采食青川箭竹,对于基径较粗(大于10mm)、密度适中(20-40株/m2)、距水源较近且远离人为活动干扰的青川箭竹林更加青睐.     

不同外源激素对中华倒刺鲃的催产效果

采用不同外源激素及组合对两批 120尾中华倒刺鲃进行催产试验 ,结果表明 :催产效果以混合激素要优于单一激素,其中以 LRH-A3 HCG DOM试验组效果最佳;催产效果与亲鱼的性腺成熟度相关;在进行人工催产时,应根据催产亲鱼的性腺成熟系数决定外源激素的剂量,性腺成熟系数较大者,其外源激素的剂量宜小些;而性腺成就系数较小者,其外源激素的剂量宜大些.     

Simultaneous determination of eight components in Angelica sinensis based on UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for quality evaluation

A method employing ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) for determination of eight components including ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, butylphthalide, ligustilide, butylidenephalide, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H and levistolide A in Angelica sinensis was established. The separation was carried out using a Waters ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C₁₈ column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid aqueous and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Good linearity was attained with R² of 0.9983–0.9998 in wide concentration ranges. The method had limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) in the range of 0.42–6.98 ng/mL and 1.39–23.28 ng/mL, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions varied with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 0.33% to 0.88% and 0.37% to 1.04%, respectively. Moreover, the average recoveries were in a satisfactory range of 92.7%–102.1% with RSDs of less than 3.60%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to analyze 19 batches of A. sinensis samples grown in Min County, Gansu province, China, as well as that collected in other regions. The findings indicated that the established method is reliable and may thus be applied as a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of components in A. sinensis, which has its implications in quality control of A. sinensis.     

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method.The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction,which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm.The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm.The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature.The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The increase in the crystallite size,decreasing band gap,and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

Phytochemical Profiling of Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. Aerial Parts Extract and Its Larvicidal,Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Infections associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance and mosquito-borne diseases have resulted in serious crises associated with high mortality and left behind a huge socioeconomic burden. The chemical investigation of Lavandula coronopifolia aerial parts extract using HPLC–MS/MS led to the tentative identification of 46 compounds belonging to phenolic acids, flavonoids and their glycosides, and biflavonoids. The extract displayed larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens larvae (LC₅₀ = 29.08 µg/mL at 72 h). It significantly inhibited cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase (CYP450), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and carboxylesterase (CarE) enzymes with the comparable pattern to the control group, which could explain the mode of larvae toxification. The extract also inhibited the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 17–38% at different Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) (0.5–0.125 mg/mL) while the activity was doubled when combined with ciprofloxacin (ratio = 1:1 v:v). In conclusion, the wild plant, L. coronopifolia, can be considered a promising natural source against resistant bacteria and infectious carriers.     

体质量对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)生化组成和质量能的影响

分别测定了在实验室条件下养殖的23只稚鳖(终末体质量为15.7～46.4 g)和38只幼鳖(终末体质量为57.5～283.7 g)鳖体的生化组成和质量能.结果表明:随着稚鳖、幼鳖体质量的增加,稚鳖和幼鳖鳖体的蛋白质、脂肪的质量分数和质量能均升高,而水分则随之降低(P＜0.01).稚鳖鳖体的灰分质量分数与体质量相关关系不明显(P＞0.05),而幼鳖的灰分质量分数随体质量增加而降低(P＜0.05).实验证实,以体质量为自变量来预测中华鳖稚鳖和幼鳖的蛋白质、脂肪的质量分数和质量能的方法是简单、可行的.     

中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群的生物量动态

 平茬萌蘖是中国沙棘种群更新的有效方式,但其中的生态学机制并不清楚,为此,以样地每木检尺资料为基础,以 "空间差异代替时间变化法"及"样地编年序列法"原理为依据、以生物量投资与分配为指标,探讨了中国沙棘平茬更新的生态学机制.结果表明:① 中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群及其构件生物量积累过程均符合Logistic方程,可分为慢、快、慢3个阶段,但构件之间的生物量投资与分配具有明显差异;② 通过构件之间的生物量投资与分配调节,中国沙棘实现了平茬后的萌蘖更新,尤其是萌蘖根的生物量投资具有"前置效应"和"主导效应";③ 地上与地下构件的生物量分配具有互补效应,即地下分配比例大时则地上分配比例小.因此,种群实施萌蘖更新过程中,必须在繁殖与生长之间做出权衡.