黄瓜子叶节离体再生体系的建立

以MS为基本培养基,以黄瓜子叶节为外植体,设置了不同激素浓度,直接诱导出不定芽,建立了黄瓜的离体再生体系.结果表明,最佳芽诱导培养基为MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.1 mg/L+ABA 1.0 mg/L+AgNO3 2.0 mg/L,平均每外植体可诱导出2.9个芽;最佳芽伸长培养基为MS+KT 0.5 mg/L;1/2 MS最适于黄瓜的生根.     

15N-Dynamics of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Field Trials on Sandy Loam in Brandenburg (Germany)

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to study the ¹⁵N-utilization of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) grown on sandy loam under black mulch film. With the progress of the ontogenetic development the plants took up rising ¹⁵N-amounts, which were increasingly transferred to the fruits after the beginning of flowering. At the end of the vegetation period more than 55% of the applied ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizer was found in the plants, and from this portion more than 70% in the fruits. Up to 13% of the total plant nitrogen were derived from the fertilizer. In the top soil layer (0–30 cm) the ¹⁵N-content was strongly reduced during plant growth. Though most of the ¹⁵N was taken up by the plants, a ¹⁵N transfer to deeper soil layers (30–60 cm, 60–90 cm) was observed. Balancing the amount of applied ¹⁵N-fertilizer indicates a loss of 11% during the experimental period.     

万寿菊秸秆的杀线作用及其对黄瓜植株生长的影响

利用万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)秸秆水提取物研究了其对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)的抑杀作用,并通过盆栽试验研究了万寿菊秸秆对接种南方根结线虫后黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)植株生长的影响.结果表明:在水提取物试验中,线虫死亡率随万寿菊水提物浓度的升高和处理时间的延长逐渐升高,水提物处理12h后,质量分数分别为1.5%、1.0%和0.5%的3个处理与对照的线虫死亡率分别为89.4%、69.5%、44.2%;0、24h后3个处理的死亡率均为100%,对照仍为0.盆栽接种试验中,万寿菊秸秆在黄瓜播种前10d混入热处理过的土壤中,黄瓜植株收获时,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的万寿菊秸秆添加率都不同程度地降低了黄瓜植株根结数,其中秸杆0.5%和2.0%的添加率对根结数的降低程度显著(P0.05),0.5%和1.0%的添加率对黄瓜植株株高、茎粗、地上部鲜质量、总鲜质量和总干质量均未产生负面影响,对根系生长还起到了一定促进作用,使得地下部鲜质量和根冠比增加,但2.0%添加率对黄瓜植株的生长产生了严重的负面影响,使得植株株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部分鲜质量、总鲜质量和总干质量均显著降低(P0.05);0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的万寿菊秸杆添加率均降低了黄瓜植株叶片叶绿素质量分数和净光合速率.以上结果说明,在控制好万寿菊秸秆添加率的基础上利用万寿菊秸秆防治黄瓜南方根结线虫具有一定的可行性,但应注意万寿菊秸秆对黄瓜植株光合色素和净光合速率的影响.     

ZYMV感染对甜瓜苯丙氨酸解氨酶和叶绿素的影响

研究了小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒新疆株(ZYMV-XJ）感染抗性不同的甜瓜品种后，苯丙氨酸解氨酶酶活性α(TAL)和叶绿素质量浓度ρ(叶绿素)的变化，与健康对照相比，受感染植株的α(TAL)均有所增高，但抗性品种“新玉”增高的幅度是感性品种“网纹香”的2倍，α(TAL)峰早出现12d，即抗性品种α(TAL)增高幅度大，峰出现早。叶绿素的变化则与抗性呈负相关，抗性品种“新玉”受ZYMV-XJ感染后的ρ(叶绿素)与健康对照差异不大，而感性品种“网纹香”的lD(叶绿素)则比健康对照的下降了62．9％。α(TAL)和ρ(叶绿素)的变化均与甜瓜品种对ZYMV-XJ的抗性呈现规律性的相关性，这种规律性可用于甜瓜品种对ZYMV-XJ抗性鉴定的生化分析。     

外源激素诱导甜瓜下胚轴愈伤组织的效应

在1/2MS的基本培养基中附加2,4-D1.0毫克/升、6-BA2.0毫克/升或2,4-D0.1毫克/升和6-BA1.0毫克/升,都能诱导甜瓜下胚轴发生愈伤组织。但是,不同激素作用下,甜瓜下胚轴愈伤组织的起源不同。2,4-D诱导维管束中薄壁细胞和紧靠维管束的一圈皮层细胞启动。6-BA诱导维管束中发生形成层以及诱导皮层细胞启动。不仅如此,2,4-D和6-BA对甜瓜下胚轴中可溶性蛋白的含量以及过氧化物酶活性影响也明显不同。在过氧化物同工酶谱的分析中发现附加6-BA时,形成的愈伤组织存在着特有的酶带。     

河套蜜瓜成熟软化中PG、果胶质和细胞壁超微结构的变化

随着河套蜜瓜的成熟软化，原果胶含量降低，可溶性果胶含量增高；与之相应的ＰＧ（多聚半乳糖醛酸酶）比活力显著增加，而ＣＸ（纤维素酶）比活力则变化不大．乙烯利处理果实后，ＰＧ活力相应升高与果实软化呈明显的负相关．不同时期果实细胞壁超微结构观察表明，果胶层逐渐降解，胞壁纤维松驰，细胞器完整．     

Localization of genes for lateral branch and female sex expression and construction of a molecular linkage map in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ) with RAPD markers

A cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L. ) molecular linkage map, including 79 random-amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD)and two genes , lb for lateral branch and f for female sex expression, is constructed from a cross between a line, S52, with weak lateral growing ability and staminate from Dabieshan Mountains area in China and another line, S06, with strong lateral growing ability and gynoecious from Europe. The map contains nine linkage groups and spans 1110.0 cM with an average distance of 13.7 cM between loci. The lb locus is located in a longer linkage group LG-2 and flanked by two markers, OP-Q5-1 and OP-M-2-2, at 9.3 cM and 15.9 cM, respectively. In the meantime, the RAPD loci, OP-Q5-2 and BC151, in a short linkage group were found to flank f at 13.7 cM and 13.4 cM,respectively. The construction of RAPD map has paved a way for further study of the genes for lateral branch, female sex expression and other agronomic traits in cucumber.     

-甜瓜下胚轴极性生根机理的研究-Ⅰ内源吲哚乙酸的效应

去除苗端的甜瓜下胚轴在1/4MS培养基上表现了极性生根现象,也就是只有甜瓜下胚轴的形态学下端生根.分析下胚轴培养前、后形态学上下两端中内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)的含量表明形态学下部中的内源吲哚乙酸含量高于形态学上部的.造成IAA含量差异的原因并非吲哚乙酸的极性运输,而是两部份的吲哚乙酸氧化酶的活性不同.酶的活性是上部强而下部弱,造成了吲哚乙酸的含量上部少而下部多.因而,出现了甜瓜下胚轴的极性生根.     

甜瓜子叶不定芽分化过程中PAL活性和木质素含量变化研究

用组织培养的方法使甜瓜子叶脱分化形成愈伤组织，继而在分化培养基上形成不定芽。以此为系统，测定不定芽发生过程中ＰＡＬ活性变化和木质素含量变化。以肉桂酸、香草酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸和咖啡酸为抑制剂，研究它们对不定芽发生的影响以及对系统中ＰＡＬ活性变化和木质素含量变化的影响。结果表明，五种抑制剂均抑制不定芽的发生。ＰＡＬ活性，木质素含量和愈伤组织分化成管胞、不定芽发生四者之间有密切的关系。     

Mössbauer study of iron uptake in cucumber root

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to study the uptake and distribution of iron in the root of cucumber plants grown in iron-deficient modified Hoagland nutrient solution and put into iron-containing solution with 10 μM Fe citrate enriched with ⁵⁷Fe (90%) only before harvesting. The Mössbauer spectra of the frozen roots exhibited two Fe³⁺ components with typical average Mössbauer parameters of δ?=?0.5 mm s^?1, Δ?=?0.46 mm s^?1 and δ?=?0.5 mm s^?1, Δ?=?1.2 mm s^?1 at 78 K and the presence of an Fe²⁺ doublet, assigned to the ferrous hexaaqua complex. This finding gives a direct evidence for the existence of Fe²⁺ ions produced via root-associated reduction according to the mechanism proposed for iron uptake for dicotyledonous plants. Monotonous changes in the relative content of the components were found with the time period of iron supply. The Mössbauer results are interpreted in terms of iron uptake and transport through the cell wall and membranes.