Representation of the Functions of the Relative Phase Permeabilities for Anisotropic Porous Media

The most general representation of the functions of the relative phase permeabilities for porous media is written explicitly. The relations proposed for the relative phase permeabilities generalize those obtained earlier for media with transversely-isotropic and orthotropic percolation properties [1, 2] which can now be obtained as a particular case. A laboratory measurement technique for finding the percolation properties and determining the absolute and phase permeabilities for media with different types of anisotropy is discussed.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, 2005, pp. 118–125.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Dmitriev, Dmitriev, and Maksimov.     

中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘复合型动态断裂实验研究

制作了中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘（cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc-CSTFBD）试样,利用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar-SHPB）加载,进行了岩石纯Ⅰ型和复合型（Ⅰ＋Ⅱ型）动态断裂实验。由于加载角（载荷方向与裂纹线的夹角）在制作试样时已经通过裂纹线与试样平台的位置关系确定,因此在实验中可以方便而准确地实施加栽。比较了纯Ⅰ型加载和复合型加载下压杆上记录的入射波、反射波和透射波的波形。采用实验与数值相结合的方法,将实验得到的动态载荷输入有限元程序,得到了纯Ⅰ型试样的动态断裂韧度和复合型试样的两种动态应力强度因子的时间历程。计算了加载角为15°的试样应力强度因子的复合比（KI（t）／KⅡ（t））,此计算值与文献结果吻合较好,验证了实验方法的有效性。     

软铁磁材料平面裂纹问题的耦合场

由磁弹性问题的线性化理论导出磁场下平面软铁磁体问题的控制方程和复势解。利用复势解和奇异积分方程方法,对面内磁场和远场载荷作用下的含裂纹无限大软铁磁平面问题进行了求解,得到耦合场的解。并对不同磁力模型的结果和磁场与机械载荷共同作用下的裂尖应力强度因子进行了讨论。     

The influence of free convection on soil salinization in arid regions

Evaporation of groundwater in a region with a shallow water table and small natural replenishment causes accumulation of salts near the ground surface. Water in the upper soil layer becomes denser than in the depth. This is a potentially unstable situation which may result in convective currents. When free convection takes place, estimates of the salinity profile, salt precipitation rate, etc., obtained within the framework of a 1-D (vertical) model fail.Very simplified model of the process is proposed, in which the unsaturated zone is represented by a horizontal soil layer at a constant water saturation, and temperature changes are neglected. The purpose of the model is to obtain a rough estimate of the role of natural convection in the salinization process.A linear stability analysis of a uniform vertical flow is given, and the stability limit is determined numerically as a function of evaporation rate, salt concentration in groundwater, and porous medium dispersivity. The loss of stability corresponds to quite realistic Rayleigh numbers. The stability limit depends in nonmonotonic way on the evaporation rate.The developed convective regime was simulated numerically for a 2-D vertical domain, using finite volume element discretization and FAS multigrid solver. The dependence of the average salt concentration in the upper layer on the Rayleigh number was obtained.List of Main Symbols horizontal wavenumber - _L , _T dispersivities (longitudinal and transversal) - D ^* diffusion coefficient (in a porous medium) - g acceleration of gravity - H thickness of the vadoze zone - k permeability - p pressure - Pe Péclet number - q mass flux - Ra Rayleigh number Greek _L , _T dimensionless dispersivities - coefficient of concentration expansion - coefficient of viscosity variation - volumetric fraction of the liquid phase - viscosity - density - stream function - mass fraction of salt in water Vectors and tensors D dispersion coefficient - e unit vector - I unit tensor - J nonadvective salt flux - V liquid phase velocity - x radius-vector     

提高火法炼锌冷凝效率探讨

通过对锌蒸气冷凝过程的热力学分析 ,结合实际 ,从炉气、冷凝介质、冷凝设备来探讨如何提高火法炼锌的冷凝效率     

The tectonic uplift of the Hua Shan in the Cenozoic

Six granite samples were collected from six difference elevation locations at the Hua Shan in a main ridge of the Qinling Mountain. Apatite and zircon separated from these six samples were dated by the fission track technique. An assessment of the Cenozoic uplift or exhumation rate was obtained from the altitude difference of sampling samples dated by fission track, and from the difference of fission track dates of both apatite and zircon for a sample. The preliminary results suggest that the beginning of uplift of the Hua Shan was as early as 68.2 MaBP and the uplift rates for different periods are 0.02–0.19 mm/a (from the elevation difference) or 0.12–0.16 mm/a (from two mineral fission track dates). The average uplift rate is 0.12 mm/a (from the elevation difference) or 0.14 mm/a (from two mineral fission track dates). The uplift of the Hua Shan might accelerate since (17.8±2.0) MaBP, and the average uplift rate is about 0.19 mm/a.     

煤粒瓦斯扩散的数学物理模型

分析了煤粒瓦斯解吸扩散的过程，建立了第三类边界条件的煤粒瓦斯扩散的数学物理模型并给出了模型的解析解。结论表明，第三类边界条件下的瓦斯扩散模型包含以往研究的第一类边界条件下的扩散模型，传质毕欧准数能表征煤粒瓦扩散场的特点；介绍了测试煤粒瓦斯扩散 数和表面传质系数的方法，给出了测试实例。     

物理教学中的比较

比较是一切理解和思维的基础，在物理数学的各个阶段中，各个知识点间，各个知识层面间都需要“比较”的分析方法，通过“比较、，学生的思想得到了灵活性，积极性，敏锐性的锻炼，并使学生发现问题，分析问题，解决问题的能力得到提高，从而使物理教学真正发挥培养学生能力，提高学生素质的效果。     

GPS技术在矿井贯通工程中的应用研究

GPS定位技术具有高精度、全天候、点间无需通视等优点。在大佛寺煤矿近井网的布设、解算中,利用GPS网内相对精度高的特点,控制近井点的相对点位误差;根据巷道贯通的特点,通过改变起算条件来消除起算数据误差。实践表明,GPS技术已在大佛寺煤矿三井高精度贯通中得到成功应用,其横向贯通误差仅为10 mm和18 mm。