How to reveal latent degradation of coatings provoked by UV-light

This paper deals with predictions of the service life of the two main technologies used for automotive clearcoats: acrylic-melamine and acrylic-urethane. This work demonstrates that the UV-light irradiation leads to chain scissions and crosslinking for the unstabilised and stabilised formulations. Mechanisms are proposed to explain the dramatic increase in the values of the mechanical properties for the two technologies as a function of the ageing time. For a determined critical value of the mechanical properties, water acts to reveal the latent damage by leading to the formation of cracks. Moreover, when the polymer reaches a certain level of network densification due to UV-light irradiation, the system cannot accept the stress induced by the water inflation/deflation and cracks will occur. Other solvents were also tested to understand the effects of polarity on the formation of the cracks.     

Spectral Analysis of Some Distillates from Asphalt Cracking and Evaluation of UTIMAC as Cracking Catalyst

This paper demonstrates the spectral analysis of some distillates obtained from asphalt cracking in the presence of a conventional expensive catalyst, i.e., HZSM‐5, and local cheap and readily available clay, i.e., UTIMAC. Each distillate was fractionated into pentane soluble (PI) and pentane insoluble (PI) fractions based on solubility in n, pentane. Both PS and PI obtained in the case of HZSM‐5 and UTIMAC were analyzed by ¹H‐NMR spectrophotometry using CDCl₃ as dissolving solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard. It is evident from the profiles that both catalysts caused the generation of some peaks ascribed to methylene and methene configurations in the aliphatic region. Bands corresponding to aromatic configurations were also generated. The results indicate that the cheap local catalyst used has comparable suitability with the conventional expensive catalyst in terms of asphalt cracking.     

裂化催化剂再生过程中密相床出口处CO_2与CO比值的测定

本文提出了测定流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂再生过程中的CO_2/CO值的一种新方法。利用双热导池同时连续检测再生烟气中CO_2和CO的瞬时浓度,得到了CO_2/CO值与含碳量、氧浓度(5.63％～21.65％)、催化剂类型及温度(600～720℃)的相互关系。并且利用已测得的裂化催化剂存在下CO的氧化数据,对密相床出口处CO_2/CO值进行了扣除计算,得到了本征的CO_2/CO,并同Arthur的结果进行了比较。在测定CO_2/CO值的同时,还测得了一批消碳动力学数据,与前人的工作进行了比较,证明了该实验数据的可靠性。     

ECNU-13: A High-Silica Zeolite with Three-Dimensional and High-Connectivity Multi-Pore Structures for Selective Alkene Cracking

A high-silica zeolite ECNU-13 (Si/Al=23) with a new three-dimensional (3D) pore system and a nanosized morphology has been developed, consisting of multitudes of 10-membered ring (10-R) medium pores and one set of 8-R small pores. A phase-discrimination strategy was proposed to synthesize ECNU-13 by regulating the gel compositions and nucleation processes that were used for preparing 12-R large-pore germanosilicate IM-20 with the known UWY topology. The crystallization was directed towards forming one set of single four-ring (s4r) composite building units together with one set of double four-ring (d4r) rather than two different types of d4r units in IM-20. The electron crystallographic investigations elucidated that the ECNU-13 structure was composed of two kinds of polymorphs as a result of distinct atomic positionings in s4r units. In catalytic cracking of 1-butene, ECNU-13 exhibited high propene selectivity (55.6 %) and propene to ethylene molar ratio (>4.7) superior to well-studied conventional ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst.     

乳化油（纯重油）催化裂化集总动力学模型研究

通过文献查阅和实验室研究工作,对纯重油及乳化重油催化裂化(FCC)反应进行了较为系统的考察和研究。建立了重油FCC四集总动力学模型。结合模型给出了合适的反应网络和数学描述。通过非线性最小二乘法,用MATLAB软件对模型求解,验证了模型的正确性,最终可借助模型对重油及乳化重油FCC进行产品预测。并建立了二者FCC反应四集总动力学模型。     

正己烷在不同硅含量SAPO-5分子筛上的裂化反应特征

正己烷在不同硅含量ＳＡＰＯ┐５分子筛上的裂化反应特征高大维黄彦孙铁杨胥微（吉林大学化学系，长春１３００２３）关键词磷酸硅铝分子筛，正己烷，裂化反应，酸中心１９８２年Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ等［１］首次报道了ＡｌＰＯ４－ｎ系列分子筛的合成工作，１９８３年Ｂｅｎｎｅ...     

Heterogeneous molecular catalysis: Oxymoron or reality?

It has become common to call a molecular catalyst a single site catalyst. The intent is to stress that all sites of a molecular catalyst are identical in activity and selectivity. In this essay, three cases are examined. In each one the evidence is very strong that heterogeneous catalysts can be considered to be molecular catalysts. The first case is the cracking of alkanes on H-ZSM-5. The second is the oxidation of carbon monoxide on palladium. The third is ammonia synthesis on KMI, a multipromoted iron based commercial catalyst.     

小刚度劲性水泥土墙基坑支护的机理及模型试验

根据相似理论,通过小刚度劲性水泥土模型梁弯曲试验,研究了小刚度劲性水泥土梁中型钢与水泥土间的共同作用机理.提出水泥土及型钢相对刚度贡献系数概念,给出了组合结构的刚度贡献系数的取值,得出了组合梁开裂的极限挠度.结果表明:水泥土对组合结构的刚度具有很大贡献,水泥土开裂前后,型钢和水泥土对刚度的贡献都将发生变化.黏土水泥土、砂土水泥土和型钢间摩阻力与水泥土的强度成正比.双根型钢端部不同组合形式对水泥土刚度贡献系数及开裂的极限挠度影响不大.从共同作用机理分析认为,双根型钢铰接梁更适用于实践工程.     

稀土氧化物对堆焊金属抗开裂性能的影响

采用金相和电镜等手段对堆焊裂纹形貌进行了观察,并研究了稀土氧化物对堆焊金属抗开裂性能及塑、韧性的影响。结果表明,堆焊金属中的开裂形式为结晶裂纹和淬硬裂纹,加入稀土氧化物能提高堆焊金属的抗开裂性能。