建设没冒沙生态水库,开拓上海市新水源(Ⅱ)南汇东滩淡水资源的年度分布规律

经过南汇东滩为期1a的水体盐度监测，了解了当地淡水资源的年度分布规律.统计结果表明，洪季和枯季的淡水出现几率分别为76.98％～82.94％、35.04％～42.66％，说明洪季有足够的淡水，即季节性的淡水，而枯季也有时段性的淡水，如果充分利用季节性和时段性的淡水，是可以满足建设水库的淡水需求的.大通流量对南汇东滩淡水资源起决定性的作用.但值得注意的是，在大通流量<10000m³/s时，仍然有时段性的淡水出现，南汇东滩的淡水资源可能还受风向、地形、科氏力等的影响.经过计算，还给出了大通流量和淡水资源的关系式.     

Simulation and Experimental Study for Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Dual pin‐to‐plate Corona Discharge Plasma reactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

This work researches the possibility of increasing the dye removal efficiency from wastewater using nonthermal plasma. A study for the optimal air gap distance between dual pin and surface of Acid Blue 25 dye solution and thickness of ground plate is carried out using 3D‐EM simulator to find maximum electric field intensity at the tip of both pins. The consequences display that the best gap for corona discharge is approximately 5 mm using 15 kV source. In addition, the optimum plate thickness is 0.1 mm. These distance and thickness were mentioned are constant during the study of other factors. Dual pin‐to‐plate high‐voltage corona discharge plasma system is presented to investigation experimentally the gap distance, thickness of ground plate, initial dye concentration, pH solution and conductivity on the amount of Acid Blue 25 dye color removal efficiency from wastewater. There is a large consensus among the simulation and experimental work in the air gap and thickness of ground plate. Where the decolorization for air gap 5 mm is 95.74 at time 35 min compared with 91% and 17% for 1 mm and 20 mm gap distance respectively. Also, the discharge energy at each air gap are calculated. Measurement results for the impact of thickness of an Aluminum ground plate on color removal competence showed color removal efficiencies of 86.3%, 90.78% and 98.06%, after treatment time 15 min for thicknesses of 2, 0.5 and 0.1 mm respectively. The decolorization behavior utilizing dual pin‐to‐plate corona discharge plasma system display 82% pigment evacuation proficiency inside 11min. The complete decolorization was accomplished within 28min for distinctive examined introductory color focuses 5 ppm up to 100 ppm. Likewise, the impacts of conductivity by utilizing diverse salts as AlCl3, CaCl2, KCl and NaCl and with distinctive focuses have been explored. The rising of the solution conductivity leads to the reduction of decolorization efficiency. The decolorization efficiency and discharge energy are calculated at different concentration molarity for AlCl3, CaCl2, KCl and NaCl. It was observed that the presence of salts at the same concentration level substantially decreased the rate and the extent of decolorization. The results indicate that the optimum pH for the decolorization of Acid Blue 25 dye is in the range between 3 and 6. Furthermore the conductivity and discharge energy were measurement at each value of pH. Energy yield for decolorization and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) under different initial pH value were calculated. A kinetic model is used to define the performance of corona discharge system under different value of pH. The model of pseudo ‐zero, pseudo‐first order, and pseudo‐second order reactions kinetic are utilized to investigate the decolorization of Acid Blue 25 dye. The rate of degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye follows the pseudo‐first order kinetics in the dye concentration. Energy consumption requirements for decolorization was considered. The outcomes will be useful for designing the plasma treatment systems suitable for industrial wastewaters. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

添加氮化钛钇稳定氧化锆导电性能

为了使氧化锆在刀、模具零件的应用上更加广泛,需提高其放电加工特性。在钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)中添加不同配比的导电氮化钛(TiN)粉末制成复合材料。对烧结坯测试电阻率、借助 SEM 观察微结构,进行电火花加工实验：以电压、电流及脉冲时间等作为控制参数,测试放电加工材料去除率与表面粗糙度等特性。结果表明：添加 TiN 在 ZrO2基体内形成导电的网状组织,添加量达到30 wt%,电阻率降低至3.86×10-3Ω·cm 时,满足电火花加工导电性要求。相同加工条件下,与 WC/Co 比较,3YSZ/TiN 去除率更大,表面粗糙度也相对较大。电流对材料去除率影响较大,随着电流脉冲宽度增大,材料去除率增加,表面粗糙度下降。     

避雷针对雷云物理状态的影响研究

避雷针电晕电流的测量结果表明,避雷针的电晕电流通常为几微安到几十微安,释放的离子流不能大量“中和”雷云电荷。避雷针不能干扰雷云电荷及其分布,不能影响雷击的发生。     

飞行器隐身技术研究现状

飞行器隐身技术在提高目前兵器的突破能力和纵深打击能力方面发挥了越来越重要的作用,美俄等军事强国宣称已将等离子体隐身技术应用于军事装备。美国F-16战斗机设计师和英国Topgun(《尖端武器》)杂志主编在Jane’s Defence Weekly(《简氏防务周刊》)上指出,F-22隐形战斗机并不是我们想要的;而前南斯拉夫人民空军与防空部队使用落后的雷达锁定美F-16战斗机,并用老式导弹击落,宣布美国采用的磁性材料涂敷、结构设计和等离子体技术等三位一体的协同隐身技术的失败。为此,我国不能再跟踪研仿国外军事强国的失败技术,应该自主创新,尽快研制出微型、低能耗的高浓度等离子体源,并使之成功地装备于我国的飞行器上。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体法制备优异光催化合成过氧化氢性能的氮空穴掺杂石墨相氮化碳（英文）

过氧化氢(H_2O_2)是一种绿色氧化剂,广泛应用于纺织、印染、造纸和医药等行业.目前,工业上采用蒽醌法制备H_2O_2,它由于需要多步加氢和氧化处理,因此能耗非常大.研究发现,采用贵金属催化剂可以将氢气和氧气直接合成H2O2,但催化剂价格过高,且反应本身存在爆炸风险.近年来,半导体光催化合成H_2O_2受到广泛关注.研究发现,在水存在下,光电子可以将氧气还原得到H_2O_2.介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体广泛应用于材料合成、挥发性有机物处理、汽车尾气净化和材料表面处理等.石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)是新型非金属光催化剂,以其性质稳定、能带适中和制备方便等优点而广受青睐.然而g-C_3N_4的比表面积和电荷分离效率较低,大大限制了其应用.本文采用DBD等离子体法在氢气气氛下制备了N空穴掺杂的石墨相氮化碳,采用XRD,N_2吸附,UV-Vis,SEM,TEM,XPS,EIS,EPR,O_2-TPD及PL等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了N空穴对催化剂结构性质、光学性质及光催化合成H_2O_2性能的影响.结果显示,当DBD等离子体处理时间小于30 min时,所制催化剂颗粒尺寸显著小于焙烧法得到的,因而其比表面积显著提高.N空穴的引入降低了催化剂的能带,提高了可见光区的吸收.此外,N空穴作为反应活性位,既能吸附反应物氧气分子,又能捕获光电子并促进光电子从催化剂向氧气分子转移,进而发生后续还原反应.等离子体处理30 min得到的催化剂光催化合成H_2O_2性能最佳,是纯g-C_3N_4的11倍.本文为g-C_3N_4基催化剂的制备提供了一个新方法.     

Mo,W电极在MgCl2-KCl-NaCl-CaCl2熔盐中电解镁的钝化行为

应用循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了Mg(Ⅱ)在MgCl2-KCl-NaCl-CaCl2四元熔盐体系中于(Mo、W)阴极上的放电过程及其钝化行为.结果表明,W电极放电反应的可逆性比Mo电极的好.后者的计时电流曲线偏离线性特征,且其阴极钝化比W严重.     

电子回旋共振放电电离特性的PIC/MCC模拟

A theoretical and computational model is presented to study the ionization of the argon electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)microwave discharge using a quasi-three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in- cell plus Monte Carlo collision method.The interaction between the charged particles and microwave fields are described by the electromagnetic mode of particle-in-cell method.The collision processes are treated with Monte Carlo method.The simulation code is the original work.The results of the particle simulation for the ECR discharge of argon gas which include the microscopic features of charged particles and the electromagnetic characteristics of the ECR discharge plasma,and also the transient phenomena have been presented.     

利用沙波运动估算推移质输沙率的误差分析

通过沙波运动估算推移质输沙率的方程分析,论证误差的主要来源不是推移质泥沙和悬移质泥沙之间的交换,而是由波谷附近涡流区的逆向推移造成的。涡流区的长度决定着误差的大小和正负。因此误差的大小和沉积物粒度没有直接的关系,但是和流速有关。     

水中碳弧的异常放电现象

放电过程中的磁收缩效应产生超高密度的等离子体细丝,有可能发生核聚变反应.在高纯水中,用光谱纯的碳棒作电极,进行低压(-20V)电弧放电实验,收集放电产生的磁屑,并用离子光谱法和中子活化法进行分析,观察到碳屑中铁的含量从几个10-6增加到几百、上千个10-6,而且,同位素的丰度与天然铁的丰度有所变化. There exist various phenomena for electric discharge, such as radiation with wide bands, collective acceleration, electron degeneracy and "linear atom", etc. which occur in dense state of matter.The arcing was created in the gap between two purified carbon rods in deionised water. The original carbon contained a few millionth iron, and the detritus contained up to thousands millionth iron based on the analysis by an (atomic) emission spectroscope (AES). It is deduced that the plasma filaments...