DNS of premixed turbulent V-flame: coupling spectral and finite difference methods

To allow for a reliable examination of the interaction between velocity fluctuations, acoustics and combustion, a novel numerical procedure is discussed in which a spectral solution of the Navier–Stokes equations is directly associated to a high-order finite difference fully compressible DNS solver (sixth order PADE). Using this combination of high-order solvers with accurate boundary conditions, simulations have been performed where a turbulent premixed V-shape flame develops in grid turbulence. In the light of the DNS results, a sub-model for premixed turbulent combustion is analyzed. To cite this article: R. Hauguel et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

AN ANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR AN ANNULAR COMBUSTOR

SUMMARY

This paper describes a computational procedure for the optimization of the performance parameters of a simulated annular combustor. This method has been applied to analyze the influence of the performance parameters and geometries on the annular combustor characteristics and provide a good understanding of combustor internal flow fields, and therefore it can be used for guiding the combustor design process. The approach is based on the solution of governing nonlinear, elliptic partial differential equations for 3-D axisymmetric recirculating turbulent reacting swirling flows and the modelling of turbulence, combustion, thermal radiation and pollutant formation. The turbulence effects are introduced via the modified two-equation κ-ε model. Turbulent combustion is modelled using the κ-ε-g model and a two-step turbulent combustion model is employed for the excess emission of carbon monoxide CO. For the evaluation of the NO pollutant formation rate, the NO pollutant formation model, which takes into account the influence of turbulence, presented here. The radiative heat transfer is handled by the heat flux model. The predictions of the combustor character-istics and performance parameters are made using the present approach.

Predictions of velocity, length of the recirculation zone, combustion efficiency and wall temperature are compared with measurements. Agreement between the predictions and experimental data is very satisfactory.     

Effect of glycine–starch mixing ratio on the structural characteristics of MgAl2O4 nano-particles synthesized by sol–gel combustion

Sol–gel auto-ignition was used to prepare nano-scale magnesium aluminate spinel, using nitrate salts as an oxidizer and glycine–starch mixtures as the fuel. The glycine–starch mixture was varied to understand the effect of fuel mixing ratio on the structural characteristics of the resulting magnesium aluminate. The products were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The phase purity and crystallite size of the powder products depended on the fuel mixing ratio. The presence of starch in the fuel facilitated the preparation of pure nano-particles. To prepare nano-particles of uniform spherical morphology and diameter of <13 nm, the starch content should be optimized to avoid agglomeration.     

Synchrotron diffraction studies of TiC/FeTi cermets obtained by SHS

TiC/FeTi composites have been obtained in situ by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) of an intimate mixture of compacted powders of elemental carbon, titanium and iron. The reaction has been followed in real time by X-ray diffraction at the ESRF. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed in terms of the formation of a liquid phase corresponding to the eutectic of the Fe/Ti system prior to the TiC synthesis. Temperatures of reaction have been estimated by correlating thermal expansion coefficients with diffraction peaks shifts. The microstructures obtained by this method, suitable for cutting tools and wear resistant applications, are presented.     

基于离轴积分腔输出光谱的燃烧场CO浓度测量研究

CO是碳氢燃料不完全燃烧的重要产物,常常被作为反应燃烧效率的标志物,燃烧场CO组分浓度的精确测量对提高燃烧效率、减少污染物排放具有重要意义。离轴积分腔输出光谱(OA-ICOS)是一种利用物质对激光的特异性吸收,实现对该物质分析和测量的技术,具有非接触、稳定和高灵敏度等优点。针对燃烧场CO浓度低,背景信号干扰强等特点,采用分布反馈式(DFB)激光器搭建基于离轴积分腔输出光谱的CO浓度测量系统,通过直接吸收光谱的测量方法实现对高温燃烧场CO浓度测量。利用仿真模拟的方法,在所用激光器中心波长的附近选出了常温下谱线强度较为突出,高温下不受其他燃烧产物干扰的第一泛频带R(10)吸收谱线。通过固定光程池对比吸光度的方法标定了OA-ICOS系统的有效光程;通过比较不同扫描频率下吸收谱线的信噪比和线型拟合残差标准差,得到最佳波长扫描频率;通过测量不同浓度CO混合气体的吸收信号分析了系统误差。探究了不同燃烧情况下CH₄/Air预混平焰炉上CO的产生情况,根据燃烧场测量区域温度分布情况描述了温度分布不确定度对CO测量结果的影响。当量比为1.0时,在10 ms的测量时间分辨率下,噪声等...     

Surface and catalytic properties of Cu–Ce–O composite oxides prepared by combustion method

Surface and catalytic properties of Cu–Ce–O composite materials prepared by solution combustion method have been investigated. The materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The results of EPR and TPR show finely dispersed Cu²⁺ species on ceria matrix with low copper content. The Cu²⁺ species exists in the form of dimers and clusters which are not evident in XRD. In addition CuO is also present as small clusters which grow to larger size at higher Cu content. There is no evidence of CuO forming a solid solution with fluorite CeO₂ in combustion method. The Cu²⁺ species mostly appear on surface rather than in the bulk. Hydrogen peroxide decomposition kinetics has been carried out on Cu–Ce–O composite materials to investigate the effect of crystalline and well-dispersed copper oxide phases on CeO₂. From kinetic results, the catalyst materials can be grouped into highly dispersed as well as crystalline CuO phases present on CeO₂ matrix. Two parallel compensating lines for dispersed and crystalline CuO phases on CeO₂ are observed in ln A versus E_a plot indicating the compensation effect in H₂O₂ decomposition. This observation is consistent with XRD and EPR results.