Rotational bands in the doubly odd 130Cs nucleus

The band structures built on the 5^- isomeric state ( T _1/2 = 3.46 m) in the doubly odd ¹³⁰Cs nucleus have been established up to I = 24? via the ¹²⁴Sn(¹¹B, 5n)¹³⁰Cs reaction. The previously observed bands based on the πh _11/2⊗νh _11/2, πg _7/2⊗νh _11/2 and πd _5/2⊗νh _11/2 configurations and a positive-parity side band with multiple connections to the α = 0 signature partner of the yrast πh _11/2⊗νh _11/2 band have been extended to higher spins. A new band based on the πh _11/2⊗νg _7/2 configuration is observed. The yrast πh _11/2⊗νh _11/2 band exhibits anomalous signature splitting whose magnitude decreases up to spin 15 and then increases without restoring the normal signature splitting. Received: 20 February 2001 / Accepted: 9 May 2001     

论集体林权制度改革中的公平与效率

分析集体林权制度改革中不完善引发的种种矛盾对公平与效率的影响,提出完善集体林权制度,推进公平与效率实现的前提和对策：在确立农民经营林业的主体地位的平等,保证农民基本生活的前提下,追求林业土地生产效率;加强系统性地深化推进林业产权改革,加快对产权的界定、流转,保障产权利益的实现。     

Collective risk models with dependence

In actuarial science, collective risk models, in which the aggregate claim amount of a portfolio is defined in terms of random sums, play a crucial role. In these models, it is common to assume that the number of claims and their amounts are independent, even if this might not always be the case. We consider collective risk models with different dependence structures. Due to the importance of such risk models in an actuarial setting, we first investigate a collective risk model with dependence involving the family of multivariate mixed Erlang distributions. Other models based on mixtures involving bivariate and multivariate copulas in a more general setting are then presented. These different structures allow to link the number of claims to each claim amount, and to quantify the aggregate claim loss. Then, we use Archimedean and hierarchical Archimedean copulas in collective risk models, to model the dependence between the claim number random variable and the claim amount random variables involved in the random sum. Such dependence structures allow us to derive a computational methodology for the assessment of the aggregate claim amount. While being very flexible, this methodology is easy to implement, and can easily fit more complicated hierarchical structures.     

Collective Synthesis of Chiral Tetrasubstituted Cyclobutanes Enabled by Enantioconvergent Negishi Cross-Coupling of Cyclobutenones

Cyclobutenones provide a straightforward four-carbon ring platform for further structural elaborations in that every carbon atom of the ring could be potentially functionalized. We report here a nickel catalyzed enantioconvergent Negishi coupling of 4-iodocyclobutenones with an array of aryl or alkenyl zinc reagents to access enantioenriched 4-substituted cyclobutenones, from which a modular approach to the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted cyclobutanes was demonstrated.     

Multiexciton molecules in the hexaborides

We investigate multiexciton bound states in a semiconducting phase of divalent hexaborides. Due to three degenerate valleys in both the conduction and valence bands the binding energy of a 6-exciton molecule is greatly enhanced by the shell effect. The ground state energies of multiexciton molecules are calculated using the density functional formalism. We also show that charged impurities stabilize multiexciton complexes leading to condensation of localized excitons. These complexes can act as nucleation centers of local moments. Received 24 October 2000     

Interband collective electronic excitations in resonant Raman scattering of two-subband quantum wires

Using the bosonization technique, a theory for the collective excitations of the interacting electrons in quantum wires with two subbands occupied is developed. The dispersion relations for the inter-subband charge and spin density excitations are determined. The results are used to interpret the features observed in recent measurements of the Raman spectra of AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wires, particularly for photon energies near band gap resonance. It is shown that peaks previously identified as “single particle excitations” are signatures of higher order collective spin density excitations. Predictions about the observability of the interband modes are made. Received 8 February 1999     

On log-normal convolutions: An analytical–numerical method with applications to economic capital determination

We put forward an efficient algorithm for approximating the sums of independent and log-normally distributed random variables. Namely, by combining tools from probability theory and numerical analysis, we are able to compute the cumulative distribution functions of the just-mentioned sums to a high precision and in a relatively short computing time. We illustrate the effectiveness of the new method in the contexts of the individual and collective risk models, aggregate economic capital determination, and economic capital allocation.     

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hydrated and dehydrated silica micro-spheres under an electric bias

The linear refractive indices and nonlinear second-order susceptibility of hydrated and dehydrated silica micro-spheres are studied using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and the second harmonic generation (SHG) method in direct transmission, respectively. A dramatic change of the effective dielectric constant of silica suspension under an electric bias was observed, which is attributed to particle redistribution in the fluid. Dielectric constants of dehydrated silica spheres change slightly under an electric field due to Pockels effect, for which we measure a linear electro-optical coefficient of r₃₃ ∼3.4±0.7 pm/V. The transmission second harmonic generation comes from the third-order susceptibility χ⁽³⁾, which is a coupling of two photons and the electrostatic field induced by the surface –OH charges as characterized by the Gouy-Chapman model. The SH signal from the dehydrated silica vanishes because of the loss of –OH groups on the particle surfaces. Dehydration of silica beads is irreversible. The optical properties of dried silica spheres do not recover their original hydrated state when distilled water is added.     

Deformation change in light iridium nuclei from laser spectroscopy

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been performed on neutron-deficient and stable Ir isotopes using the COMPLIS experimental setup installed at ISOLDE-CERN. The radioactive Ir atoms were obtained from successive decays of a mass-separated Hg beam deposited onto a carbon substrate after deceleration to 1kV and subsequently laser desorbed. A three-color, two-step resonant scheme was used to selectively ionize the desorbed Ir atoms. The hyperfine structure (HFS) and isotope shift (IS) of the first transition of the ionization path 5d ⁷6s ²⁴ F _9/2 → 5d ⁷6s6p ⁶ F _11/2 at 351.5nm were measured for ^182-189Ir, ¹⁸⁶Ir ^m and the stable ^{191, 193}Ir. The nuclear magnetic moments μ_I and the spectroscopic quadrupole moments Q_s were obtained from the HFS spectra and the change of the mean square charge radii from the IS measurements. The sign of μ_I was experimentally determined for the first time for the masses 182≤A≤189 and the isomeric state ¹⁸⁶Ir ^m . The spectroscopic quadrupole moments of ¹⁸²Ir and ¹⁸³Ir were measured also for the first time. A large mean square charge radius change between ¹⁸⁷Ir and ¹⁸⁶Ir ^g and between ¹⁸⁶Ir ^m and ¹⁸⁶Ir ^g was observed corresponding to a sudden increase in deformation: from β₂ ≃ + 0.16 for the heavier group A = 193, 191, 189, 187 and 186m to β₂≥ + 0.2 for the lighter group A = 186g, 185, 184, 183 and 182. These results were analyzed in the framework of a microscopic treatment of an axial rotor plus one or two quasiparticle(s). This sudden deformation change is associated with a change in the proton state that describes the odd-nuclei ground state or that participates in the coupling with the neutron in the odd-odd nuclei. This state is identified with the π3/2⁺[402] orbital for the heavier group and with the π1/2^-[541] orbital stemming from the 1h _9/2 spherical subshell for the lighter group. That last state seems to affect strongly the observed values of the nuclear moments.     

Error bounds for the compound poisson approximation

Explicit error bounds in terms of probabilities and stop-loss premiums are given for two kinds of compound Poisson approximations: the first concerns the difference between the individual and the collective model; the second is about the difference of the compound negative binomial and the compound Poisson distribution.