J10APS25型通井机盘式刹车的设计与研制

介绍了通并机盘式刹车的结构设计、工作原理和矿场试验情况．提出的设计原则、设计思想和设计计算公式具有实用性．试验考核证明盘式刹车显著优于带刹车，具有足够的刹车力矩，增加了失效保护系统．其液压系统简单，性能可靠，操作方便．     

Tubing modifications for countercurrent chromatography (CCC): Stationary phase retention and separation efficiency

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a separation technique in which two immiscible liquid phases are used for the preparative purification of synthetic and natural products. In CCC the number of repetitive mixing and de-mixing processes, the retention of the stationary phase and the mass transfer between the liquid phases are significant parameters that influence the resolution and separation efficiency. Limited mass transfer is the main reason for peak broadening and a low number of theoretical plates along with impaired peak resolution in CCC. Hence, technical improvements with regard to column design and tubing modifications is an important aspect to enhance mixing and mass transfer.     

Studies on the performance of different coiled column configurations for compact type-I countercurrent chromatography

Three types of novel coiled column configurations, i.e. a triangular coiled column and elliptical coiled columns I and II, were designed for type-I countercurrent chromatography and their performances were evaluated with two solvent systems each with suitable test samples. Three dinitrophenyl (DNP) amino acids (DNP-DL-glu, DNP-β-ala and DNP-L-ala) were separated with a moderately hydrophobic two-phase solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-metanol-0.1 M hydrochloric acid (1:1:1:1, v/v), while two dipeptides (tryptophyl-tyrosine and valyl-tyrosine) were separated with a polar solvent system composed of 1-butanol-acetic acid-water (4.75:0.25:5, v/v). The overall results indicated that the performance of compact type-I countercurrent chromatography was improved by elliptical coiled column I which was mounted with its maximum coil diameter perpendicular to the surface of the column holder. Hydrodynamic effects involved in these separations were discussed.     

连续管小尺寸涡轮钻具三维叶栅设计研究

选用五次多项式法构造出涡轮叶片的多个截面线型,确定截面前后缘圆弧圆心的坐标。利用B样条曲线连接各截面前后缘圆弧圆心的坐标,从而过渡各截面线型,优化设计出一种连续管作业用的小尺寸、高效率三维叶栅涡轮钻具。通过流场数值模拟、水力循环试验两方面分析,验证了采用三维叶栅造型法设计小尺寸涡轮钻具的可行性。分析结果表明,在一定循环排量下,三维叶栅涡轮节理论分析的最高效率为62.88%,水力循环试验测试的最高效率为54.25%,三维叶栅涡轮节水力性能明显提高,提高了工作效率,降低了钻井成本。     

连续管全寿命安全评定与管理策略研究

连续管是"万能作业机"的"神经线",连续管的安全运行关乎整个施工过程,连续管服役寿命是安全运行的重要指标之一.目前对连续管作业时全寿命安全评定研究较少,探索性地利用生存分析方法研究了连续管6个影响因素,20组分变量,采用Kaplan-Meier分析方法对连续管疲劳寿命的单因素生存时间进行描述,并结合连续管服役有效时间采...     

大牵引力连续油管牵引器设计及仿真

针对水平井作业工具输送困难的问题,同时在满足钻磨作业的基础上,设计了基于液压伸缩原理的连续管牵引器。为满足井下牵引器对大牵引力、井下适应性、通过性、越障能力的要求,创新提出了自激式液压控制回路(无电缆),来实现牵引器协调控制相关动作,采用一种楔形燕尾滑槽弹性支撑结构,以适应井径变化同时满足障碍通过性,使用SolidWorks三维画图软件、 ADAMS(automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems)运动仿真等软件建立连续油管牵引器的虚拟样机,验证其运动性能。结果表明:该牵引器在5~1/_2″套管中能够平稳行进,牵引力最大可达到10 000 N,满足设计标准。     

Sample introduction in gas chromatography using a coiled wire filament

A simple device for field sampling and concentration of analytes for subsequent introduction into an injection port for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis has been developed. It consists of a tiny, coiled platinum wire filament (CWF) that is attached to a retractable plunger wire, which fits inside a syringe needle housing. Sampling is accomplished by dipping the end of the CWF in a liquid sample, which is drawn into the wire coil by capillary action, and introducing it into the injection port either before or after allowing the solvent to evaporate. The CWF can be used with or without a nonvolatile chemical coating. A major advantage of this sampling device is that nonvolatile sample matrix components remain on the wire coil, reducing the required injection port and liner cleaning frequency and contamination of the head of the chromatographic column. The coil itself can be easily cleaned between analyses by rinsing and/or burning off residual material in a small flame. The sampling coil facilitates specifically designed chemical reactions in the injection port, such as thermochemolysis and methylation. Applications demonstrated in this work include: (1) direct introduction of samples with little or no pre-treatment, (2) simultaneous thermochemolysis and methylation of lipid-containing samples such as bacteria and bacterial endospores for analysis of biomarkers, and (3) solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) using temporary wire coatings. The CWF allowed for significant reduction in sample preparation time, in most cases to less than a few minutes. The peak shapes examined for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analytes (PAHs) were significantly better (asymmetry factors <1.3) when using the CWF sampling technique compared to splitless and on-column injection techniques (asymmetry factors >1.3). Extraction efficiencies for SPME (especially for high boiling point components such as PAHs) improved by an average of 2.5 times when using the CWF compared to the performance of commercially available SPME fibers. Coiled wire filaments and GC injection port liners were used for more than 100 Bacillus endospore thermochemolysis methylation analyses without the need for cleaning or replacement.