Enzyme Electrode with Collagen-Immobilized Cholesterol Oxidase for the Microdetermination of Free Cholesterol

Abstract

Cholesterol oxidase has been immobililzed on collagen films associated to an electrochemical sensor to form a “cholesterol electrode”. The electrode poised at a potential of + 650 my vs Ag/AgCl detects the hydrogen peroxide produced in the enzymatic reaction. This device presents a very high sensitivity and a wide range of linearity (10^?7 M - 0.8.10^?4 M). The use of a non enzymatic electrode associated with the enzymatic one allowed the detection and correction of electrochemical interferences when applied to human sera for free cholesterol determination.     

331例高温和寒冷季节急性脑血管病临床特点及防治分析

目的探讨高温和寒冷季节本地区急性脑血管病（ACVD）患者高危因素、临床特点,找出有效防治方法。方法回顾我院三个高温和寒冷季节在我院神经内外科住院的ACVD病人331例临床资料,进行统计学及流行病学分析。结果高温季节162例ACVD患者：缺血性脑卒中（CIS）99例;出血性脑卒中（CHS）57例;混合性脑卒中6例。寒冷季节169例ACVD患者：CHS85例;CIS71例;混合性脑卒中13例。两季节331例ACVD患者：高血压病242例;手术治疗43例;急性溶栓44例;高压氧治疗200例。结论本地区高温季节ACVD以CIS为主,CHS其次;寒冷季节以CHS为主,CIS其次;混合性脑卒中均少;高血压是两季节ACVD显著高危因素;积极有效的治疗可降低两季节ACVD发病率和致残程度,提高息者生活质量。     

中央性前置胎盘41例临床分析

目的探讨中央性前置胎盘的发病原因及处理方法。方法对2002～2008年41例中央性前置胎盘患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果住院分娩产妇4489例中,中央性前置胎盘41例,发生率0．8％,其中胎盘植入5例,孕产妇死亡率为0,新生儿窒息4例,新生儿存活率100％。结论对中央性前置胎盘选择合适的处理方法很重要,积极期待疗法加适时的手术处理有助于降低母婴死亡率和发病率。     

Recent advances in clinical microdialysis

Clinical microdialysis (MD) is a minimally invasive sampling technique that offers selective in-vivo measurement of free, active drug or biomolecule concentrations in human tissues and organs. From a regulatory perspective, MD can thus be seen as a suitable scientific tool that meets regulatory requirements for the study of tissue distribution or bioequivalence during drug development. From a clinical perspective, the use of MD in different applications has shown the potential to rationalize drug-dosing regimens and to influence clinical decision-making, although validation and correlation of MD-derived results with clinical response are required to promote routine clinical use of the technique. From an analytical perspective, highly sensitive analytical systems have increasingly become available for MD-sample analysis, and these have further improved the quality and the power of MD-derived information. Given the constant development in recent years, MD data might become an important part of new drug submissions and clinical treatment algorithms, and might positively influence patient benefit in the future.     

椭圆偏振光谱法应用于临床医学检测的研究

本文用椭圆偏振光谱法对固－液界面上的正常兔ＩｇＧ抗原与羊－抗兔抗体反应及其抗原抗体复合物离解过程进行了研究。结果表明：抗原抗体反应和抗原抗体复合物离解均在极短时间内出现光学参量变化率最大峰，且抗原抗体复合物离解的光学参量变化率最大峰比抗原抗体反应的光学参量变化率最大峰高、所需时间短；该方法用于临床医学检测中，可用Ｖ＿（ｏｐ）～ｔ图谱快速判断抗体或抗原是否存在。     

Clinical reference materials for the validation of the performance of photometric systems used for clinical analyses

 There are a wide variety of spectrophotometric devices nowadays used in health services with various qualities of manufacture methods of measurement and metrological characteristics for performing the necessary measurements. Therefore, to meet the accuracy and repeatability requirements needed in medical diagnosis and treatment, the validation of the performance of such systems by clinical chemistry laboratories is essential. However, the validation of a spectrophotometric system for clinical analyses requires several reference materials, according to the end use of the measurement results. This paper discusses some characteristics required of the clinical reference materials needed and used by Romanian Institute of Metrology for validation work. Types of clinical reference materials developed in the national area for this purpose are also presented. Received: 23 April 1997 · Accepted: 7 July 1997     

284例慢性前列腺炎临床治疗分析

慢性前列腺炎是泌尿外科常见疾病。临床症状可有多种多样的表现,治疗往往很难收效,并易复发。我科在1980～1983年诊治284例慢性前列腺炎中发现,细菌感染是引起前列腺炎的主要原因。在选择性154例慢性前列腺患者中作VB_3(Voided Bladdef 3)细菌培养阳性例数达128例(83.12％)。前列腺是主要的附属性腺,一旦炎症发生,势必产生多种多样的性功能紊乱,甚至影响生育功能,导致不育症。为适合门诊病例检查及治疗,本组采用Meares—Stamey法作VB_3细菌培养计数及药敏试验,采用了以RFP加TMP为主的中西医结合综合治疗,作为门诊治疗方法,收到满意效果。治愈率达59.86％,好转率27.28％,总有效率为87.68％。本组与王氏、江氏治疗病例作了比较。它们的卡方值为x~2=12.76,p<0.01,本组与各组间疗效有显著性差异。     

Some practical aspects of the validation of photometric systems for clinical analyses

 It is well known that erroneous data reported to a physician may strongly affect medical decision making. For routine clinical chemistry purposes, different instrumentation can be used to compare measurements of unknown samples with standard reference materials. Currently, acceptable limits of accuracy and precision are poorly defined in the field of clinical chemistry laboratories. In this article, problems associated with spectrophotometric measurements, both manual and automated, are discussed. The task of the validation of photometric systems for clinical analyses is currently of considerable interest. Some practical aspects of this validation and the use of reference materials for this activity in the national area are discussed. Received: 7 November 1996 Accepted: 14 January 1997     

Analysis of the phospholipid composition of plasmodium knowlesi and rhesus erythrocyte membranes

Methods for the separation and analysis of the phospholipid classes have been studied. The lipid extracts of normal and Plasmodium knowlesi- infected rhesus erythrocytes and of the parasite itself have been examined for phospholipid composition on an animal-to-animal basis. Several differences were apparent between the phospholipids of parasites and infected host cells. Phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine represented larger percentages in the parasite than in the host; the average phosphatidylinositol content was 1.8 % in infected host cells and 4.3 % in parasites. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine were also strikingly different in the two membranes; in the parasite they averaged less than 20 % and 33 % respectively of their level in the infected red blood cell.     

73例儿童锌缺乏症临床研究

通过门诊患儿检查发锌，儿童锌缺乏与临床症状如易感冒、偏食、滑瘦矮小、烦躁、头发黄稀疏、面色差和佝偻症状出现率达87．67％，海球区儿童含锌量与广州市儿童无显著性差异，男女儿童无显著性差异，与国内文献分析相同，若有临床症状患儿即应作发锌检查，如低于正常值则应补锌治疗，定期复查，要认真宣传缺锌的危害性并把富锌的营养食物介绍给家长。