86例渗出性结核性胸膜炎的临床分析

目的：总结结核性胸膜炎的临床特点，并探讨治疗方法．方法：对1998—01-2003—12住院，并资料完整的86例结核性胸膜炎采用回顾性分析．结果：86例中青壮年占大多数（77．9％），老年患病率较高（16．28％），大多数具有典型的结核中毒症状．在积极抗结核治疗的同时采用不限量缓慢抽液及胸腔内注药治疗。治愈48例（占55．81％），胸膜增厚38例（占44．19％），其预后与诊治的时机有密切关系．结论：掌握结核性胸膜炎的临床特点，早期诊断，合理治疗，可取得较好疗效．     

On the use of double cross-validation for the combination of proteomic mass spectral data for enhanced diagnosis and prediction

We consider a proteomic mass spectrometry case-control study for the calibration of a diagnostic rule for the detection of early-stage breast cancer. For each patient, a pair of two distinct mass spectra is recorded, each of which is derived from a different prior fractionation procedure on the available patient serum. We propose a procedure for combining the distinct spectral expressions from patients for the calibration of a diagnostic discriminant rule. This is achieved by first calibrating two distinct prediction rules separately, each on only one of the two available spectral data sources. A double cross-validatory approach is used to summarize the available spectral data using the two classifiers to posterior class probabilities, on which a combined predictor can be calibrated.     

老年性退行性心脏瓣膜病临床分析

为了更好的认识老年性退行性心瓣膜病(SDHVD)及该病特点，笔者观察了30例经彩超检出的SDHVD患者，结果认为SDHVD的年龄标准以50岁为宜，SDHVD是老年人心律失常的主要病因，左心房扩大为其病理生理基础之一，室上性心律失常为其典型的心律失常；从超声上观察SDHVD主要为左心瓣膜受累，尤其是主动脉瓣．     

600份临床诊疗知情同意书的质量分析

目的提高医护人员对临床诊疗知情同意书法律意义的认识。方法抽查我院2004年5～12月出院病案600份,对其中知情同意书进行统计分析。结果抽查600份病案中,全部符合要求的508份,占84.7%,存在问题的92份,占15.3%,有27份没有填写知情同意书。结论认真履行知情告知义务,完善各种知情同意书内容,严格签字制度,是防范医疗纠纷及完成举证责任的重要措施。     

Fitting of two-tensor models without ad hoc assumptions to detect crossing fibers using clinical DWI data

Analysis of crossing fibers is a challenging topic in recent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Resolving crossing fibers is expected to bring major changes to present tractography results based on the standard tensor model. Model free approaches, like Q-ball or diffusion spectrum imaging, as well as multi-tensor models are used to unfold the different diffusion directions mixed in a voxel of DWI data. Due to its seeming simplicity, the two-tensor model (TTM) is applied frequently to provide two positive-definite tensors and the relative population fraction modeling two crossing fiber branches. However, problems with uniqueness and noise instability are apparent. To stabilize the fit, several of the 13 physical parameters are fixed ad hoc, before fitting the model to the data. Our analysis of the TTM aims at fitting procedures where ad hoc parameters are avoided. Revealing sources of instability, we show that the model's inherent ambiguity can be reduced to one scalar parameter which only influences the fraction and the eigenvalues of the TTM, whereas the diffusion directions are not affected. Based on this, two fitting strategies are proposed: the parsimonious strategy detects the main diffusion directions without extra parameter fixation, to determine the eigenvalues and the population fraction an empirically motivated condition must be added. The expensive strategy determines all 13 physical parameters of the TTM by a fit to DWIs alone; no additional assumption is necessary. Ill-posedness of the model in case of noisy data is cured by denoising of the data and by L-curve regularization combined with global minimization performing a least-squares fit of the full model. By model simulations and real data applications, we demonstrate the feasibility of our fitting strategies and achieve convincing results. Using clinically affordable diffusion acquisition paradigms (encoding numbers: 21, 2*15, 2*21) and b values (b = 500–1500 s/mm²), this methodology can place the TTM parameters involved in crossing fibers on a more empirical basis than fitting procedures with technical assumptions.     

幽门螺杆菌与上消化道疾病关系的临床研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌与上消化道疾病的关系及致病机理.方法进行临床病例分析及相关病理、毒理实验.结果研究表明,幽门螺杆菌与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、消化道肿瘤等消化道疾病有密切的关系.结论功能性基因组可能填补我们对幽门螺杆菌感染发病机制理解的许多空白,加速新疗法的产生.     

胸部外伤372例临床治疗体会

目的分析不同类型胸部外伤的治疗原则.方法对1998年10月至2002年10月间治疗的372例胸部外伤患者进行总结.其中剖胸探查80例,心脏修补14例,胸内异物取出12例,胸腹联合伤16例,剖腹6例,行腹内脏器切除或修补.结果治愈371例,死亡1例,死亡率0.27%.结论只要及时诊断,正确处理,就能取得满意的治疗效果.     

Nanodiamonds for advanced optical bioimaging and beyond

Nanodiamond (ND) has emerged as an intriguing material in recent years both industrially and in research. During the last decade, ND has furthered its way into the biomedical field, mainly due to its inherent photoluminescent properties. In parallel, the development of advanced biomedical imaging methods and techniques has faced a steep upswing, making these two a ‘perfect match’. The optical and physical properties of ND can be tuned, rendering them highly interesting as versatile biomedical imaging probes. In this short review, we will cover a few of the most recently emerged applications of NDs in biomedical imaging and contemplate on current challenges and future directions.     

龋齿新洞型设计的实验方法和临床观察初步

采用全息干涉术对不同洞型牙的受力变形进行了测量,结果说明新洞型具有明显优点。经254例临床观察与实验结果基本一致。     

The Italian way: Accreditation and continuous quality improvement in clinical laboratories

 The transition from quality assurance of the analytical phase to the quality management of total testing in clinical laboratories is still at an early stage. But it has begun. Accreditation through voluntary, educational and professional schemes, like the Clinical Pathology Accreditation scheme, is a useful tool for following defined standards of practice and having these independently confirmed on the basis of a peer review. Approved clinical laboratories can obtain a hallmark of performance and offer reassurance to users of their services. However, accreditation does not guarantee an error-free service; it is not the final step, but an important stage in the improvement process. Quality is a journey and continuous quality improvement is the paradigm for better addressing our efforts to satisfy customers' expectations for the desired health outcomes related to a high-quality laboratory service.