外泌体生物分析及其临床应用研究进展

外泌体是具有各种关键生物活性分子(如脂质、 蛋白质和核酸)的细胞外囊泡. 它们可以由所有类型的细胞分泌, 并分布在所有生物流体中, 如血液、 唾液、 汗水和尿液等. 更重要的是, 外泌体可以参与多种生理活动, 包括细胞间通讯、 哺乳动物的繁殖和免疫反应, 并在新陈代谢以及心血管疾病、 神经变性和癌症等疾病的病理进展中起重要作用, 这使其成为备受关注的天然非侵入性生物标记物, 并且被认为是可用于临床诊断和治疗的潜在工具。本文综述了用于检测外泌体的生物传感器的最新发展, 包括荧光、 电化学、 电化学发光、 表面增强拉曼光谱、 比色法和微流控技术等分析方法; 总结了在临床诊断和疾病治疗中外泌体的临床应用; 还讨论了外泌体检测所面临的挑战以及外泌体在临床诊断和疾病治疗等方面的应用潜力.     

蒙医骨伤科临床实习带教体会

蒙医骨伤科在临床教学中具有涉及知识面广、专科性质强、急危重症抢救和诊疗技术多而难、现代医学渗透性强、教学难度大等特点。因此做好实习带教工作对培养下一代及继承和发扬蒙医骨伤这门学科有重要意义。     

蒙西医结合治疗小儿支气管肺炎的临床观察

目的：探讨蒙西医结合治疗小儿支气管肺炎的临床疗效.方法：将126例小儿支气管肺炎患儿随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组患者接受常规西医治疗,观察组患者同时接受自拟蒙药口服,比较两组临床疗效及症状、体征缓解时间.结果：观察组有效率96.9%,显著高于对照组83.9%（P〈0.05）;观察组患者咳嗽、咳痰、退热、平喘及肺部罗音消失时间显著少于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论：蒙西医结合治疗小儿支气管肺炎可显著提高临床疗效,缩短治疗时间.     

A note on improving quadratic inference functions using a linear shrinkage approach

In some commonly used longitudinal clinical trials designs, the quadratic inference functions (QIF) method fails to work due to non-invertible estimation of the optimal weighting matrix. We propose a modified QIF method, in which the optimal weighting matrix is estimated by a linear shrinkage estimator, replacing the sample covariance matrix. We prove that the linear shrinkage estimator is consistent and asymptotically optimal under the expected quadratic loss, and will have more stable numerical performance than the sample covariance matrix. Simulations show that numerical improvements are acquired in light of a higher percentage of convergence, and smaller standard errors and mean square errors of parameter estimates.     

临床药学在药学教育中的作用

随着医疗改革的深入,药学教育将面临着改变单一的教学模式、基础教育与临床教育同步进行的挑战。在此过程中,临床药学将在药学教育中起到关键的作用。药学教育应该重视临床药学专业学生的实践,提高药学专业学生的知识运用能力,适应社会发展的要求,为我国医疗卫生事业培养出更多的有用人才。     

Local asymptotic normality for progressively censored likelihood ratio statistics and applications

Let X_n,1 ≤ X_n,2 ≤ … ≤ X_n,n be the ordered variables corresponding to a random sample of size n with respect to a family of probability measures {P_θ:θ ∈ Θ} where Θ is an open subset of the real line. In many practical situations the X_n,i are the observables and experimentation must be curtailed prior to X_n,n. If τ_n is a stopping variable adapted to the σ-fields {σ(X_n,1,…,X_n,k): 1 ≤ k ≤ n} and P_n,θ the projection of P_θ onto σ(X_n,1,…,X_n,τn), the local asymptotic normality of the stopped progressively censored likelihood ratio statistics is established with θ, $\text{θ}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{= θ + un}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{∈ Θ}$ and θ, u held fixed, under certain conditions on the underlying distribution and on τ_n. Conditions are also given to ensure the local asymptotic normality of likelihood ratio statistics where the underlying observations are given in a series scheme.     

Spectroscopic,DFT study,and molecular docking investigation of N-(3-methylcyclohexyl)-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carbohydrazide as a potential antimicrobial drug

Detailed theoretical molecular modeling, spectral (NMR, FT-IR, and UV–vis) analysis, electronic properties, and in silico biological study of N-(3-Methylcyclohexyl)-2-phenyl cyclopropane-1-carbohydrazide (PI2) has been studied in this present research using experimental and electronic structure theory calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). While the quantum calculations were done using DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory, the characterization of PI2 was carried out with ¹HNMR, UV-vs, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The major vibrations recorded for the studied compound were those of amide, CC, C–C, N–H, and C–H stretch. The UV–visible excited states calculation using Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) showed the highest orbital contributions in S₀ – S₅ with π→π* assignment for all the studied phases. The visual study of weak interaction (NCI), nonlinear optics, and the natural bond orbital (NBO) results showed majorly a steric effect due to strong repulsive forces and van der Waals forces, a better NLO property in the studied compound as compared with urea (standard) and the intramolecular charge transfer in the studied compound showed the highest energy of stabilization of 66.79KCal/Mol for the donor – acceptor interaction of LP (1) N23 → π*C₂₅ - O₂₆ respectively. Molecular docking investigation of PI2 was achieved using six (6) target proteins from which two were gram negative; Escherichia coli (2NYU) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7CID), 2 g positive; Staphylococcus aureus (6P9J) and Streptococcus pyogenes (1MG1), one helminth; Ascaris lumbricoides (3FJU) and one fungus; Candida albican (6TZ6). The PI2 docked results were compared with the docked results obtained for the standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin, Albendazole, and Fluconazole). The studied structure showed the highest binding affinity of ?8.5 kcal/Mol for 1MG1 as compared with ?6.9 kcal/Mol for that of the standard drug. Finally, ADMET properties of PI2 were computed and the result showed a better drug property of the studied compound.     

浅谈临床辨证论治

中医辨证论治理论在临床应用中的探讨,及辩证论治与理法方药的临床灵活运用分析。     

Camellia sinensis: Insights on its molecular mechanisms of action towards nutraceutical,anticancer potential and other therapeutic applications

The Camellia sinensis plant provides a wide diversity of black, green, oolong, yellow, brick dark, and white tea. Tea is one of the majorly used beverages across the globe, succeeds only in the water for fitness and pleasure. Generally, green tea has been preferred more as compared to other teas due to its main constituent e.g. polyphenols which contribute to various health benefits. The aim of this updated and comprehensive review is to bring together the latest data on the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Camellia sinensis and to highlight the therapeutic prospects of the bioactive compounds in this plant so that the full medicinal potential of Camellia sinensis can be realised. A review of published studies on this topic was performed by searching PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science databases from 1999 to 2022. The results of the analysed studies showed that the main polyphenols of tea are the four prime flavonoids catechins: epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epicatechin (EC) along with the beneficial biological properties of tea for a broad heterogeneity of disorders, including anticancer, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiobesity, antidiabetes and antiglaucoma activities. Poor absorption and low bioavailability of bioactive compounds from Camellia sinensis are limiting aspects of their therapeutic use. More human clinical studies and approaching the latest nanoformulation techniques in nanoparticles to transport the target phytochemical compounds to increase therapeutic efficacy are needed in the future.