MICROEMULSION SYSTEMS WITH A NONIONIC COSURFACTANT

The conditions to obtain W/0 microemulsions using ionic surfactants and a nonionic cosurfactant, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, were investigated. The length of the polyoxyethylene chain was critical to obtain the typical water solubilization maximum

The variation of the W/0 microemulsion region with hydrocarbon content was different from that of the usual type of microemulsions having a medium chain length alcohol as cosurfactant. In the present systems the W/0 microemulsion region was not a direct continuation of the inverse micellar area at zero content of hydrocarbon. Addition of hydrocarbon was necessary for the formation of inverse micelles

The microemulsion regions were sensitive to the kind of hydrocarbon used; a sign of the importance of the nonionic surfactant for the stability of this kind of microemulsions.     

“讨论法”教学改革实验报告

选择与新一轮基础教育课程改革有关的背景材料和适合于学生自学自讲的部分教材内容以及对教学设计案例的分析与评价等课题,在高校师范专业学生的《学科教学论》课程中进行“讨论法”课堂教学改革实验,收集和分析学生的反馈意见。     

3,3'-(苯亚甲基)双吲哚的制备―一个推荐的有机化学合成实验

本文介绍了3,3’-(苯亚甲基)双吲哚的制备和柱层析分离实验的原理和操作步骤。该实验具有以下特点:(1)反应时间短,30min左右便可完成;(2)产物为粉红色,在进行硅胶板层析和层析柱时比较直观,适合于学生的实验教学;(3)反应物、催化剂和产物的极性相差很大,容易进行柱层析分离产物。该实验特别适合于综合性大学和地方高等师范院校化学和相关本科专业的"有机化学实验"或"综合化学实验"进行开设。     

以“偏光显微镜观察高聚物的球晶”为例的高分子物理实验项目改革

本文对高分子物理实验教学改革进行了思考,提出实验项目的建设应当成为实验教学改革的核心,而实验项目的改革不应当局限在将最新的科研成果引入到实验教学中。以"偏光显微镜观察聚合物的球晶"这一传统实验为例,更为有效的办法可以是通过系统化的设计扩展实验项目内容,注重实验项目实施过程中多知识点的串联以及实验结果获取过程的思维过程培养,从而将传统的验证性实验项目转化为综合性实验项目,有力提升实验教学的效果。     

Engineering lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances

2D nanomaterials are widely investigated for biomedical applications, attributed to their large specific surface area, high therapeutic loading capacity, and unique optical, thermal, and/or electronic characteristics. Lattice defects affect the theranostic performance of 2D nanomaterials significantly by altering their electronic properties and chemical binding. Recent investigations have shown that defect-rich 2D nanomaterials are capable of enhancing tumor treatment through efficient drug delivery, photothermal and photodynamic therapies (PTT and PDT), and improving diagnostics via computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes recent progresses, including synthesis, characterization approach, and applications of defect-engineered 2D nanomaterials that are potentially useful in cancer treatment. The expert opinions are also proposed as the conclusion.     

级配碎石力学性能的颗粒流数值模拟方法

为了从本质上揭示级配碎石组成结构与力学性能的内在关系,基于2维颗粒流软件提出了级配碎石力学性能的颗粒流数值模拟方法,并通过该方法以安康瀛湖石灰岩碎石为例研究了级配碎石的力学性能.结果表明:不同级配碎石的CBR(california bearing raio)、剪切强度和抗压强度的实测值分别为495%~692%,592~802kPa,1.29~1.54MPa;相应的模拟值分别为525%~736%,636~839kPa,1.34~1.54MPa;平均误差分别为4.50%,5.07%,5.15%.模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合,证明颗粒流数值模拟方法应用于级配碎石力学性能研究中的可行性.     

混合工质HFC134a/HCs替代R502的性能分析

针对目前R502主流替代工质R507和R404A存在的温室效应指数高、与矿物油互溶性差等缺点,提出了环保性能更好的三组近共沸混合工质R134a/R290、R134a/R1270和R134a/R290/R1270作为R502新型替代工质;并对其热物性、循环性能、安全性能和溶油性进行了计算分析。结果表明：除了压缩机排气温度偏高,这三组R134a/HCs混合工质的其它主要循环性能参数如压缩机压力比、容积制冷量和系统性能系数COP都优于R507和R404A,并且从理论上讲不存在可燃可爆的危险,同时可以与矿物油互溶,在替代R502方面更具有优势,其中R134a/R290/R1270在高热负荷下的综合性能最优良。     

低温液体无损贮存压力升高的实验与计算

准确、简单地预测低温液体无损贮存时的压力升高具有重要的实用价值。对一低温容器利用液氮为介质进行了多次无损贮存实验,利用多元线性回归方法对实验数据进行分析和检验。分析表明无损贮存时间、初始充满率对压力升高的影响较大,而环境温度的影响可以忽略,并拟合出了压力升高的计算公式。计算结果和实验结果在很大范围内能够较好地吻合。该种计算方法在预测低温液体无损贮存压力升高时有较高的准确性与可靠性。