Running buffers for determination of chromium(VI)/(III), cobalt(II) and zinc(II) in complex matrices by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

Complex matrices and rather high acidity in environmental samples are often the impelling challenges for the used running buffers of capillary electrophoresis. Twelve binary acid-base buffers were evaluated for separation of Cr(VI)/Cr(III), Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in a sample containing various salts by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detector. The malic acid (MA) systems including MA-His (histidine), MA-Arg (arginine) and MA-Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) were selected as the candidates with powerful separation efficiency and good response sensitivity. In the MA-Tris buffer, optimization were further carried out in terms of the pH value and the concentration of MA, and the optimal conditions were obtained as 6 mM MA-Tris and 2 mM 18-crown-6 at pH 3.5. Furthermore, a real application was demonstrated by analyzing the plating rinse water (pH 0.8), in which the Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Cr(VI)/Cr(III), Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were all detected by adjusting at pH 3.5 with 5% (v/v) diluent ammonia. Both the cations, e.g., K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and the common high concentration anions in the sample, e.g., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ did not cause any disturbance to the concerned analytes.     

催化动力学荧光法测定眼影中的铬(Ⅵ)

在酸性介质中, 痕量Cr(Ⅵ)对高碘酸钾氧化罗丹明B的褪色反应有催化作用, 使罗丹明B的荧光减弱, 据此建立了催化动力学荧光法测定痕量Cr(Ⅵ)的新方法. 考察了该催化反应的最佳条件, 在最优化条件下, Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度在1×10-8～7×10-7 g/L范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系, 方法的检出限为3×10-9 g/L, 对1×10-7 g/L的Cr(Ⅵ)标准溶液进行11次平行测定, 得相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%. 该法已用于眼影中Cr(Ⅵ)含量的测定, 回收率为97.4%～102.6%.     

柱后衍生离子色谱法测定玩具中可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)

建立了离子色谱法测定玩具中可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)的新方法。玩具中的可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)经0.07mol/L的HCl提取后,经过AS7阴离子柱进行分离和富集,再与1,5-二苯卡巴肼(DPC)反应进行衍生,用紫外检测器在530nm处进行检测。该方法对玩具材料中Cr(Ⅵ)的检出限为0.005mg/kg;在0.1~50μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r2为0.9997;Cr(Ⅵ)的回收率范围为92.8%~102.4%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~5%。方法的灵敏度高,操作简便,基本能满足玩具新指令对玩具材料中可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)的检测要求。     

电化学分析法在铬形态分析中应用进展

对近年来电化学分析法应用于铬的形态分析的现状和发展趋势进行了概述。     

示差脉冲吸附伏安法测定海水浪量Cr(Ⅵ)

在 4.5×10~(-2)mol/l NH_4Cl-5.4×10~(-2)mol/l NH_3-2×10~(-3)mol/l 铜铁试剂溶液(pH～9.5)中,用示差脉冲吸附伏安法测定海水中痕量 Cr(VI)。导数峰电位为-1.40 V(VS.Ag/AgCl)、峰电流与 Cr(VI)浓度在 0.05～1.2 ng/ml 范围内呈线性关系。检出限为 0.04 ng/ml。对 Cr(VI)含量为 0.35 ng/ml的海水样品,变异系数为 7.6％,平均回收率为92％。本法已应用于厦门近岸海水中 Cr(VI)的测定。     

催化荧光反应的研究Cr(Ⅵ)、V(Ⅴ)-还原型(丁基)罗丹明B-KBrO_3体系

本文提出了Cr(Ⅵ)和V(Ⅴ)的高灵敏荧光测定方法,对4个催化氧化反应体系的荧光特性进行了研究,并对活化作用、机理和应用的可能性进行了初步的探讨。     

交换树脂处理化学实验室含铬废水试验

以阳离子交换树脂作交换剂，对化学实验室含铬废水进行交换反应，通过静态和动态实验，分析在交换过程中废水的不同pH值和废水的不同流量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：在交换过程中，废水pH值为4、废水流量为6BV／h（BV为床体积）时净化效果最好。     

钨铜合金/铬青铜复合结构电触头的超塑焊接

探讨利用恒温超塑焊接代替真空扩散焊接实现W80Cu20/QCr0.5-0.2-0.1复合结构电触头焊接加工的可行性。试验结果表明:在预压应力56.6MPa、焊接温度800~830℃、保温30min、初始应变速率1.5×10-2min-1的条件下,经5~7min的压接,接头抗拉强度(最高达190.8MPa)均高于真空扩散焊,并且无需真空或保护气氛,焊接温度较低,效率较高,在复合结构电触头的焊接加工中有良好应用前景。     

Isotope-dependent crystalline phases at ambient temperature: Spectroscopic and calorimetric evidence for a deuteration-induced phase transition at 320 K in α-DCrO2

The heat capacities of HCrO₂ and DCrO₂ have been measured at temperatures between 5 and 360 K. A lambda anomaly occurred at 320 K for DCrO₂ but not for HCrO₂. Infrared spectra were recorded at temperatures between 5 and 405 K. The spectrum of DCrO₂ changed at 320 K with respect to the peak wave-number and splitting of some of the vibrations, while those of HCrO₂ depended smoothly on temperature. These experimental results are discussed in terms of a deuteration-induced phase transition.     

Simultaneous observation of low temperature 4f-4f and 3d-3d emission spectra in a series of Cr(III)(ox)Ln(III) assembly

We report here the low temperature emission spectra in the heterometal dinuclear 3d-4f assembled molecular system [(acac)₂Cr^III(μ-ox)Ln^III(HBpz₃)₂] (Cr(ox)Ln:acac⁻=acetylacetonate, ox²⁻=oxalate, HBpz₃⁻=hydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate; Ln=La, Nd, Ho, Er , Tm and Yb) in comparison with those of Na[Cr(acac)₂(ox)] and [(HBpz₃)₂Ln(μ-ox)Ln(HBpz₃)₂](Ln=Nd and Er). From 10 to 150 K the Cr(ox)Ln complexes show a broad emission band around 800 nm from the ²E state of Cr(III) moiety. At room temperature no ²E-⁴A₂ emission was observed in the Cr(ox)Ln except for the La and Lu complexes. On warming from 10 to 300 K rapid quenching of the ²E-⁴A₂ emission of Cr(III) is suggested to result from the energy transfer from Cr to Ln in the Cr(ox)Ln. The excitation spectra and the life-time were also measured with monitoring the 4f-4f emission peaks of the Cr(ox)Yb complex.