日中机器翻译中的可保留歧义关系

着重阐述了日中机器翻译中可保留歧义关系（ＲＳＡ）这一新概念及其处 理手法．所谓可保留歧义关系是指即使不消除原输入文中授受构造上的歧义 性也能生成反映原文意思的译文关系．具体而言,就是研究由并列助词［］、 连体助词［の］和名词构成的名词短语及由用言连体形构成的句子中授受构 造上的可保留歧义性;并在此基础上提出了一个新的翻译方法．从技术论文 的２ ９１９个句子中抽出了含有上述可保留歧义关系类型的句子８０６个进行了 翻译实验,正确率为９７．７％．从而确认了所提方法的有效性．     

黎川岩泉自然保护区的药用植物资源

岩泉自然保护区位于江西黎川南部,处武夷山脉中段西侧.这里有高等植物1800多种,隶属于235科、816属;大型真菌100多种;隶属于26科、62属;有保护植物21种;药用植物有1008种,隶属于187科、555属.其中珍稀药用植物80多种,大宗药用植物20多种.文中按药用部位分成8大类进行了叙述.     

Evaluation of free hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of some Chinese herbs by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection

Due to the severe damage caused by free hydroxyl radicals (OH·) to cells and tissues, there is much interest in finding and studying effective and non-toxic OH· scavengers, including traditional Chinese herbs. In this paper, the simple and highly-sensitive technique of capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CZE-AD) was used to study the OH· scavenging activities of aqueous extracts from some traditional Chinese herbs. Salicylic acid (SAL) was used as an OH· trap, and the content of OH· could be determined by assaying their products, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). The optimum conditions for CZE-AD for the determination of 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA were explored. The linearity ranges of 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA were 1.0 ×10^–7~1.0 ×10^–4 mol L^–1, and their detection limits were as low as 2×10^–8 mol L^–1, which were much better than the CE-UV method often used. The traditional Chinese herbs studied included Radix angelicae sinensis, Rhizoma coptidis, Ligustrum lucidum, Ligusticum wallichii, Radices glycyrrhizae and Semen plantaginis. The experiments showed that the aqueous extracts from all of the above traditional Chinese herds had free OH· scavenging activities, although to different degrees.     

氢化物原子荧光法测定中草药中痕量铅

提出了以重铬酸钾为氧化剂、碱性铁氰化钾为络合剂 ,在柠檬酸介质中进行铅的氢化物发生反应。采用断续流动氢化物发生器 ,对原子荧光法测定痕量铅的条件进行了系统研究 ,并考察了共存元素的干扰情况。在最佳测试条件下 ,测得铅的检出限 (3σ)为 0 .19μg·L- 1,相对标准偏差为 0 .92 %。应用于中草药中痕量铅的测定 ,回收率为 95 .1%～ 10 9.5 % ,结果满意     

NMR spectroscopic analysis of neferine and isoliensinine

Neferine and isoliensinine are the two major compositions of the Chinese medicine lotus plumule. They have extensive cardiovascular activity, such as antiarrhythmic, antithrombic and antihypertensive. In order to confirm the structures reported in the literature by explicit 1H and 13C assignments, we used a series of NMR experiments including 1H, 1H-COSY, HSQC and HMBC. The absolute configuration of neferine (C-1 and C-1') was determined as R and S and that of isoliensinine (C-1 and C-1') was determined as R and R.     

Rapid determination of panaxynol in a traditional Chinese medicine of Saposhnikovia divaricata by pressurized hot water extraction followed by liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Panaxynol is a bioactive component in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), such as Saposhnikovia divaricata and Panax ginseng. In the work, two solvent-free sample techniques of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME) were combined and developed for the determination of panaxynol in a TCM of S. divaricata. Panaxynol in the TCM samples from different growing areas was extracted by PHWE in dynamic mode, followed by extraction and concentration with HS-LPME and analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PHWE and HS-LPME parameters were optimized and the method validations were studied. Panaxynol in S. divaricata from four different growing areas was quantitatively analyzed by internal standard method. These results have shown that PHWE-LPME-GC-MS is a simple, rapid, efficient and low-cost method for the determination of panaxynol in TCMs and is a potential tool for TCM quality assessment.     

全二维液相色谱（NPLC×RPLC）接口及其应用

用内径为0．53mm的填充毛细管正相液相色谱为第一维，用4．6mm（i．d．）×50mmRP-18e整体柱反相色谱为第二维，建立了定量环一阀切换接口的全二维液相色谱系统（NPLC×RPLC）．第一维色谱分离洗脱出的组分交替存储在十通阀上的两个定量环中，同时定量环中前一个组分被转移到第二维进行反相分离．因为第一维的流动相流量仅是第二维的1／500，自然解决了流动相兼容问题．采用芳香族化合物的混合物和中药丹参正己烷提取液对该全二维液相系统的分离能力进行了评价．     

四君子汤和四物汤微量元素含量研究

通过了解中药“四君子汤”和“四物汤”中微量元素含量的异同,研讨了微量元素和中医“气血”理论之间的关系。实验表明,“四君子汤”和“四物汤”在微量元素的含量方面,有一定的类同和差异。该现象同中医的“气血”理论有非常相像的地方。同时发现中药中的微量元素在煎煮过程中,并不是同想象的一样匀速进入药液,而是不同的元素在不同的时间段不同的批次进入药液,这也提示中药煎法理论有一定依据。由于目前做的实验还少,本实验留下很多问题和疑点,值得进一步做有关的实验和研究。     

Astragalus membranaceus ultrafine powder alleviates hyperuricemia by regulating the gut microbiome and reversing bile acid and adrenal hormone biosynthesis dysregulation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMetabolic syndrome is closely related to the intestinal microbiota and disturbances in the host metabolome. Hyperuricemia (HUA), a manifestation of metabolic syndrome, can induce various cardiovascular diseases and gout, seriously affecting a patient’s quality of life. Astragalus membranaceus has a long history as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine to treat kidney disease in China and East Asia.Materials and methodsWe compared the therapeutic effect of benzbromarone and two different doses Astragalus membranaceus ultrafine powder (AMUP) in rats with HUA. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to analyze the AMUP metabolism in the plasma, urine, and feces. Further, 16S ribosome RNA sequencing and feces metabolomic were performed to capture the variation of the gut microbiota and metabolites changes before and after drug administration.ResultsAMUP had a notable impact on reducing blood uric acid levels while protecting the liver and kidney. Drug metabolism analysis demonstrated that effective constituent flavonoids are distributed in the blood, whereas saponins remain in the intestine. Gut microbiota analysis showed that low-dose AMUP ameliorated HUA-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing that of some beneficial bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculaceae. In addition, HUA-induced changes in metabolite contents in bile acid and adrenal hormone biosynthesis pathways were restored after treatment with AMUP.ConclusionLow-dose AMUP exerts remarkable therapeutic effects on HUA by regulating the gut microbiome and mediating gut metabolism pathways associated with uric acid excretion.     

Advances of Chromatography in Analysis of Complex Samples

The separation and identification of complex samples is an urgent task that analytical chemistry has to face. Chromatography, as an important analysis technique, has been widely applied to many fields, such as life science, environment, medicine, food and petrochemical engineering.Recently, with the progress of science and tech-