Near-wall measurements of turbulence statistics in a fully developed channel flow with a novel laser Doppler velocity profile sensor

This paper reports on the measurements of the near-wall turbulence statistics in a fully developed channel flow. The flow measurements were carried out with a novel laser Doppler velocity profile sensor with a high spatial resolution. The sensor provides both the information of velocity and position of individual tracer particles inside the measurement volume. Hence, it yields the velocity profile inside the measurement volume, in principle, without the sensor being mechanically traversed. Two sensor systems were realized with different techniques. Typically the sensor has a relative accuracy of velocity measurement of 10⁻³ and the spatial resolution of a few micrometers inside the measurement volume of about 500 μm long. The streamwise velocity was measured with two independent sensor systems at three different Reynolds number conditions. The resulting turbulence statistics show a good agreement with available data of direct numerical simulations up to fourth order moment. This demonstrates the velocity profile sensor to be one of the promising techniques for turbulent flow research with the advantage of a spatial resolution more than one magnitude higher than a conventional laser Doppler technique.     

基于卫星通讯的巡检机器人车载控制研究

基于卫星通讯的巡检机器人可对巡检区域进行自动的、智能的有害气体监控、温度监控、火灾监控、科学实验等工作,也可用于工厂的自动化监控,实现无人智能巡逻.该类机器人通过卫星无线通讯并具有丰富的输入输出接口、安全过滤功能、指令的多通道模式、自主的指令生成功能、运行数据的记录与上报、合理调度车载资源、紧急事件的实时响应和处理等自主控制功能及底层驱动.     

美国迈阿密地区更新世鲕粒滩发育特征及控制因素

通过对迈阿密鲕粒滩与现代鲕粒滩的类比,将高分辨率的卫星激光雷达绘图与露头信息结合起来,可视化了迈阿密鲕粒滩的整体形态以及其中的沉积特征,潮汐通道的分布直接影响鲕粒滩的形态,迈阿密鲕粒滩的形成与潮汐作用有密不可分的联系;在迈阿密鲕粒滩中的沉积相主要发育交错层理的鲕粒相和生物潜穴型泥质鲕粒灰岩相,其中可见羽状交错层理以及大量的生物遗迹化石,证实迈阿密鲕粒滩的形成受到潮汐作用的影响;迈阿密鲕粒滩经历了胶结作用和溶蚀作用等多种成岩作用,其中胶结作用会破坏其孔渗性,而在溶蚀作用的影响下会增加其孔渗性。在对迈阿密鲕粒滩中的典型露头进行了实地考察后,进一步确认了迈阿密鲕粒滩是受到潮汐作用而形成的现代鲕粒滩。     

Dynamic crystal plasticity: An Eulerian approach

In this paper an Eulerian rate-dependent single crystal model that accounts for high-strain rates, large strains and rotations is developed. The viscoplastic law as well as the evolution equations for the lattice are written in terms of vectorial and tensorial quantities associated with the current configuration. The viscoplastic law is obtained from Schmid law using an overstress approach. Such an expression for the viscoplastic law is motivated by the microdynamics of crystal defects. A general analysis of the plane-strain response of the proposed rigid-viscoplastic single crystal model is presented. It is shown that only one differential equation, involving the orientation of one composite in-plane slip system, is necessary to describe the lattice evolution. Several two-dimensional boundary value problems, such as equal-channel die extrusion and channel die compression are selected to illustrate the predictive capabilities of the model. The results show that even at relatively low strain rates the viscosity plays an important role in the development of localized deformation modes. At high crosshead velocity, the plastic properties and crystal anisotropy are less important while inertia effects are dominant. Finally, the grains interaction is investigated by analyzing the compression of a grains multicrystal.     

频率分配问题的建模、算法及其实现

提出了一种蜂窝移动通信中的基站频率分配问题的模型,给出一种新的基于遗传算法的解决算法,并且详述了该算法的实现.     

Minimization of channel electron multiplier background counting rate

In this paper we discuss background counting rate minimization of a channel electron multiplier (CEM) using it in simple pulse counting mode. The minimization was investigated by a variable additional bias voltage applied to an aluminium source carrier set in front of a CEM entrance tube. For an optimal bias voltage of −20 V we found the background counting rate to be reduced to one twenty fifth of its value with no additional bias voltage applied.     

遥感影像浅水河道提取二维EMD方法

遥感影像中浅水河道与居民地具有相似的光谱特性,在浅水河道自动提取过程中噪声较多,经验模态分解(EMD)可获取原始信号不同尺度上的细节信息,有效地提高遥感影像浅水河道自动提取的精度。利用环境与减灾小卫星数据,以彰武县柳河为研究区,对该区2012年10个时期NDVI时间序列分别EMD分解,选取每个时相信息量较大的前三个固有模态函数(IMF),结合2012年9月18号影像共34波段作为研究数据,利用极大似然法、BP神经网络传统的分类方法进行分类。结果表明结合EMD的分类方法可有效地去除居民地噪声, Kappa系数最高达到0.9690,总体分类精度最高达到93.35%,从而有效地解决了遥感影像中浅水河道提取正确率低的难题。     

Polydomain model predictions of liquid crystalline polymer orientation in mixed shear/extensional channel flows

 The Larson-Doi (LD) polydomain model is used to simulate orientation development along the centerline of slit-expansion and slit-contraction flows of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs). Orientation is computed using the LD structural evolution equations, subject to an imposed velocity field that accounts for the spatial variation of both shear and extension rates characteristic of this class of flows. Computed axial distributions of orientation averaged through the sample thickness are qualitatively similar to birefringence and X-ray scattering measurements of molecular orientation in similar flows of lyotropic and thermotropic LCPs. In slit-expansion flows, the simulations predict a 90^∘ flip in orientation direction near the midplane due to transverse stretching in the expansion region. Far away from the midplane where shear gradients dominate, orientation remains primarily along the flow direction. Within the LD model, tumbling and flow aligning materials respond in a qualitatively similar manner to mixed shear and extension, although tumbling materials are systematically more susceptible to the effects of extension. Received: 22 October 1999/Accepted: 13 January 2000     

Divergent channel flow of a liquid crystalline polymer solution

 The flow of a `model' lyotropic liquid crystal polymer, (hydroxypropyl)cellulose in water, through a rectangular channel with a divergence in the channel width, is studied by in situ light microscopy. Microscopic texture observations are related to measurements of the flow velocity field, in order to characterize the shear and elongational aspects of the flow and to examine the effects of the divergence from a narrow channel to a wide channel. A strong dependence of flow-induced texture on position in the channel is observed and is related to the interplay of shear and elongational strain. The divergence generates both a perpendicular elongational strain due to the widening of the channel, and subsequently an elongational strain along the flow direction due to the change in flow pattern from quasi-radial to unidirectional down the wide channel. Additionally side wall structure is observed to be more complex than a simple strong alignment, displaying a fine birefringent texture. Finally there is a marked dependence of the macroscopic structure on the strain history of the fluid prior to entry into the channel, indicating that very different structures of, for instance, moulded parts, can result from differences in geometry and fluid treatment prior to entry into the mould itself. Received: 12 October 1999/Accepted: 29 October 1999     

On L(d,1)-labelings of graphs

Given a graph G and a positive integer d, an L(d,1)-labeling of G is a function f that assigns to each vertex of G a non-negative integer such that if two vertices u and v are adjacent, then |f(u)−f(v)|d; if u and v are not adjacent but there is a two-edge path between them, then |f(u)−f(v)|1. The L(d,1)-number of G, λ_d(G), is defined as the minimum m such that there is an L(d,1)-labeling f of G with f(V){0,1,2,…,m}. Motivated by the channel assignment problem introduced by Hale (Proc. IEEE 68 (1980) 1497–1514), the L(2,1)-labeling and the L(1,1)-labeling (as d=2 and 1, respectively) have been studied extensively in the past decade. This article extends the study to all positive integers d. We prove that λ_d(G)Δ²+(d−1)Δ for any graph G with maximum degree Δ. Different lower and upper bounds of λ_d(G) for some families of graphs including trees and chordal graphs are presented. In particular, we show that the lower and the upper bounds for trees are both attainable, and the upper bound for chordal graphs can be improved for several subclasses of chordal graphs.