Cooperative advertising in a distribution channel with fairness concerns

Cooperative (co-op) advertising has been widely used in practice and employed as a strategy to improve the performance of a distribution channel. It is known from the existing models that co-op advertising could not achieve the channel coordination (i.e., maximize the total channel profit). In this paper, we consider a distribution channel consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer, and investigate the effect of the retailer’s fairness concerns. Applying the equilibrium analysis, we obtain the following results: (1) Channel coordination can be achieved if the retailer has fairness concerns and model parameters satisfy certain conditions. (2) Although both channel members become better off with co-op advertising if neither channel member has fairness concerns, we find situations where co-op advertising brings detrimental effects to the retailer if the retailer has fairness concerns. (3) The retailer’s fairness concerns may increase or decrease the equilibrium participation rate, the equilibrium advertising effort, and the equilibrium profit of the manufacturer and the whole channel. (4) We identify the conditions under which the effectiveness of co-op advertising can be improved or reduced by the retailer’s fairness concerns. As long as co-op advertising can bring extra profit to the manufacturer, the retailer’s fairness concerns could improve the effectiveness of the co-op advertising. (5) There exists a Pareto improvement for the profits of both the manufacturer and the retailer when a retailer without fairness concerns becomes fair-minded.     

DRM系统信道编码原理及软件实现

首先简要介绍了DRM系统发送端信号处理流程.其次,从能量扩散、比特分配、可删除卷积编码、比特交织、QAM映射五个方面重点阐述了DRM系统信道编码.最后,介绍了DRM信道编码基于PC的软件实现.     

Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Polyoxomolybdate Lanthanide Complex: [Er2(H2O)14Cr(OH)6Mo6O18][Cr(OH)6Mo6O18]?·?14H2O

Abstract  A novel polyoxometalate compound consisting of Anderson-type anions and trivalent lanthanide cations, [Er₂(H₂O)₁₄Cr(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈][Cr(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]·14H₂O (1), has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, IR spectrum and TG analyses. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 11.046 (5) ?, b = 11.653 (5) ?, c = 13.935 (5) ?, α = 75.006 (5)°, β = 84.497(5)°, γ = 89.515(5)°. The bulk ions of compound 1 in the cell unit exhibit orthorhombic C-centered packing mode, the eight [Cr(2)(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]³⁻ anions occupy the eight corners and the two [Er₂(H₂O)₁₄Cr(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]³⁺ cations occupy the centres of two opposite faces, whereas anions and cations are linked together via hydrogen bonding interactions tightly forming a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture, which contains one-dimensional channels occupied by free water molecules. Index Abstract  The bulk ions of compound 1 in the cell unit exhibit orthorhombic C-centered packing mode, the eight [Cr(2)(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]³⁻ anions occupy the eight corners and the two [Er₂(H₂O)₁₄Cr(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]³⁺ cations occupy the centres of two opposite faces, whereas anions and cations are linked together via hydrogen bonding interactions tightly forming a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture, which contains one-dimensional channels occupied by free water molecules. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Selective epitaxy and lateral overgrowth of 3C-SiC on Si – A review

This review article attempts to present a comprehensive picture of the progress in selective epitaxial growth (SEG) of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) to make it a cheap and practical material for high temperature and high power, high frequency and MEMS (Micro Electromechanical Systems) applications. Selective epitaxial growth followed by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) is a suitable approach to minimize the interfacial defects and other planar defects in case of thin film growth. Different techniques of SEG and its application to Si, GaAs and III–V nitrides are reviewed briefly in the first section of this article. Various SEG techniques like epitaxial lateral overgrowth, pyramidal growth and pendeo epitaxial growth, etc. have been discussed extensively for growing 3C-SiC on Si, together with the characterization of the grown films. The influence of various experimental parameters such as temperature of growth, choice of mask material, influence of an etchant, pattern shape and size, etc. is also discussed. On the basis of these data, it is believed that SEG and related techniques are a promising approach for heteroepitaxial growth of 3C-SiC films useful for devices and MEMS applications.     

泥砂介质注浆渗流通道形成力学机理分析

为研究在泥砂介质中的注浆渗流通道形成机理,设计了注浆实验系统;并由实验结果可知化学浆液在泥沙介质中渗流的主要形式为柱形渗流和面形渗流两种;在格里菲斯判据的基础上,推导了浆液形成渗流通道所需要的最小注浆压力p min;在渗流力学的基础上分析了浆液在介质中渗流的的压力损失,得知浆液在渗流通道不同位置处的注浆压力p1;当p1p min时,浆液将劈裂被注介质形成新的渗流通道;当p1p min时,浆液将停止劈裂被注介质,该通道封闭。     

IMDD-OFDM系统的低开支、高准确度信道估计方法

提出一种应用于强度调制直接检测光正交频分复用(IMDD-OFDM)传输系统的低开支、高准确度的信道估计算法.该算法充分考虑系统噪声特性,利用梳状导频插入结构,结合符号间平均与子载波间频域线性插值的思想,在低开支导频条件下实现较高的估计准确度.仿真和理论推导结果表明:与传统平均算法和直接线性插值算法相比,基于梳状导频先平均后线性插值的算法估计出来的信道特性更能接近实际信道的.实验结果表明:在误码率为3.8×10~(-3)处,本文所提出的算法仅使用0.78%导频开支即可与使用20%导频开支的平均算法获得相同的接收灵敏度;同时,与传统估计算法相比,该算法与导频开支无关,能较好抗系统中的高斯噪声,获得与真实信道较为接近的估计性能.     

Colour quenching corrections on the measurement of 90Sr through Cerenkov counting

The determination of ⁹⁰Sr through the Cerenkov radiation emitted by its descendant ⁹⁰Y is a well-known method and firmly established in literature. Nevertheless, in order to obtain an accurate result based on a Cerenkov measurement, the experimental work must be extremely rigorous because the efficiency of Cerenkov counting is especially sensitive to the presence of colour. Any traces of colour in the sample produce a decrease in the number of photons detected in the photomultipliers and, therefore, this might cause a diminution in Cerenkov counting efficiency. It is essential not only to detect the effect of colour quenching in the sample but also to correct the decrease in counting efficiency. For this reason, colour quenching correction curves versus counting efficiency are usually done when measuring through Cerenkov counting. One of the most widely used techniques to evaluate colour quenching in these measurements is the channel ratio method, which consists of the measurement of the shift of the spectrum measuring the ratio of counts in two different windows. The selection of the windows for the application of the corrections might have an influence on the quality of the fitting parameters of the correction curves efficiency versus colour quenching degree and hence on the final ⁹⁰Sr result. This work is focused on the calculation of the counting efficiency decrease using the channel ratio method and on obtaining the best fitting correction curve. For this purpose, empirical curves obtained through artificial quenchers have been studied and the results have been tested in real samples. Additionally, given that the Packard Tri-Carb 3170 TR/SL liquid scintillation counter is a novel detector for use in Cerenkov counting, the previous calibration of the Tri-Carb 3170 TR/SL detector, necessary for the measurement of ⁹⁰Sr, is included.     

利用子波变换模拟人眼视觉信息提取过程的研究

由于人类视觉系统在对图象信息进行初级加工过程中表现出由粗到细且能使其局域化的特性,而子波变换恰恰正好具有这样的特性.本文提出了利用DOG函数作为子波基函数,模拟人眼视觉信息提取过程,并给出了两维模拟计算的结果.提出了基于子波变换理论的视觉信息提取通道模型.在文中讨论了这一模型的特点和潜在的应用前景.     

Routing multiterminal nets on a hexagonal grid

Channel routing is a vital task in the layout design of VLSI circuits. Multiterminal channel routing is different from two-terminal one. While the later is quite understood, the former still poses the difficulty. In this paper, we investigate the multiterminal channel routing problem in a hexagonal model, whose grid is composed of horizontal tracks, right tracks (with slope +60°), and left tracks (with slope −60°). We present an efficient algorithm for routing multiterminal nets on a channel of width d + 3, where d is the problem density. Furthermore, we can wire the layout produced by the router using four layers and there are no overlaps among different layers. This improves the previous known results [15, 19].     

Improved Gain Characteristics in Er3+-Doped Alumina (Al2O3) Channel Optical Waveguide Amplifiers for WDM Systems

Er3+-doped Al2O3 optical waveguides are analyzed both as single amplifiers and as elements of a 16-channel wavelength division multiplexing transmission system; their performance is compared with that from Er3+-doped SiO2 optical waveguide amplifiers. The amplifier model, based on propagation and population-rate equa tions, includes both uniform and pair-induced up-conversion mechanisms and is solved numerically by combining finite elements and the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The analysis showed that Er3+-doped Al2O3 waveguides exhibit much higher signal gains than Er3+-doped SiO2 waveguides and also that the use of Er3+-doped Al2O3 waveguides reduces the deleterious gain peaking effect, increasing the maximum transmission distance.