白藜芦醇诱导VEGF表达促进缺血再灌注小鼠新生血管形成

研究白藜芦醇能否诱导小鼠缺血,再灌注后缺血区域新生血管形成及其与血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)表达的相关性,用90只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为单纯缺血组、白藜芦醇组及假手术组,采用大脑中动脉线栓法制作局灶性脑缺血模型,免疫组化法测定微血管密度,Western blot检测VEGF蛋白表达.结果白藜芦醇处理组与单纯缺血对照组微血管计数存在差异,并且有统计学意义(P<0. 05),白藜芦醇处理组在各时间点VEGF蛋白表达水平均较高(P<0.05).说明白藜芦醇可以诱导脑缺血后VEGF早期表达,促进缺血区域新生血管形成,发挥脑保护作用.     

用近红外光拓扑图技术短期预测脑梗塞

本研究用近红外光大脑拓扑图技术(near-infrared cerebral topography, NIRS topography),对大鼠大脑中动脉线栓梗塞模型的皮层缺血部位进行定位成象.我们利用氧合血红蛋白和去氧血红蛋白对近红外光的吸收峰值波长分别为850nm和760nm的原理,制作了NIRS拓扑仪.分别用NIRS拓扑仪、磁共振成象和解剖样本染色对10只SD雄性大鼠大脑皮层缺血部位进行成象.结果表明,NIRS拓扑图所显示的皮层缺血面积与磁共振图象及解剖样本所显示的皮层缺血面积的相关系数分别为0.82(p<0.05)和0.89(p<0.01).     

Subsurface Microscopical visualization of brain tissue in vivo: Present, problems and prospects

The location of the brain within the cranium has prevented in vivo studies with microscopical resolution for a long time. Cranial window techniques provide microscopical access to the brain surface, but subsurface structures cannot be visualized with conventional microscopy. Confocal microscopy with its increased depth of penetration and optical sectioning capabilities is ideally suited for the investigation of thick biological specimens. Due to the scanning process, however, temporal resolution is limited, a significant disadvantage in the in vivo setting. In this article we demonstrate that confocal laser scanning microscopy can be utilized to study brain cortex microvascular morphology, capillary hemodynamics, leukocyte behaviour and intracellular ion concentrations in anesthetized rats through a closed cranial window. Three different confocal microscopes are compared: a Biorad MRC-600 with multiline Kr/Ar-Laser (488/568/647 nm), a Noran Odyssey acousto-optic scanning microscope with multiline Ar-Laser (458/488/514/529 nm) and a Biorad Viewscan DVC-250 slit scanning microscope with Ar-Laser (488/514 nm). With all microscopes a Zeiss × 40 water immersion objective, n.a. 0.75 is used. A Laser-Doppler flowmeter continuously measures regional cerebral blood flow in the area of microscopical investigation. As fluorescent dyes we used: fluorescein sodium as blood plasma marker (given I.V.); rhodamine 6G to label leukocytes (given I.V.); and the AM-esters of BCECF (pH-sensitive), Fluo-3 and Calcium-Green (both calcium-sensitive) as intracellular ion-concentration markers (loaded via superfusion over the cranial window). With this setup, we are able to study the flow dynamics in the capillary network of the cortex (erythrocyte flow velocities and flux rates), the behaviour of leukocytes in capillaries and postcapillary veins (plugging of capillaries, adhesion to the endothelium, extravasation into the parenchyma), and intracellular changes of [H⁺] and [Ca²⁺] under physiological and pathophysiological conditions (cerebral ischemia and meningitis). The comparison between the conventional CLSM (Biorad 600) and the real time CLSMs revealed that the increase in temporal resolution afforded by the real time instruments is offset by a reduction in spatial resolution and, most importantly, in the signal to noise ratio, resulting in a lower depth of penetration into the tissue and necessitating frame averaging.     

颈内动脉注射尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

应用颈内动脉注射尿激酶治疗30例急性脑梗死患者,并与对照组（静脉滴注尿激酶）30例比较。结果显示治疗组疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0．01）,且无1例发生颅内出血。提示颈内动脉注射尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死,疗效显著而安全。     

钩藤散对麻醉犬脑血流量的影响

目的观察钩藤散对脑血流量的影响。方法选择家犬20只,随机分为5组,麻醉后股动脉插管、经压力换能器连接RM-6000型多导生理记录仪,颈总动脉和椎动脉连接MFV-3200型电磁血流量计;打开腹腔寻找十二指肠,3个实验组经十二指肠注入高、中、低剂量的钩藤散浸膏,阴性对照组注入生理盐水,阳性对照组注入尼莫地平(2 mL/kg),分别测定给药前、后脑血流量、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心率等变化,计算脑血管阻力。结果实验各剂量组及阳性药组,在给药后150 min时脑血流量显著高于(P<0.05)、脑血管阻力显著低于(P<0.05)正常对照组,180 min时有极显著差异(P<0.01或P<0.001),210 min时仍有效。结论钩藤散可明显增加脑部的供血,减少脑血管阻力,从而改善脑部营养,防治老年痴呆。     

线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的失败原因探悉

目的　对大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型制备中的失败因素进行研究。方法　采用健康Wistar大鼠 ,线栓法制备MCAO(middlecerebralocclusion)模型 ,利用神经功能缺陷评分和TTC染色判定梗死是否成功。结果　夏季的大鼠梗死成活明显高于冬春季 (P <0 0 5 ) ;体重在 2 70～ 2 80g的成活率明显高于其它体重的 (P <0 0 5 ) ;雌雄之间没有明显差别 (P >0 0 5 ) ;插入长度小于 1 8cm的成活率明显高于插入长度为大于 1 8cm的 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而麻醉也影响模型成功与否 ;还未发现有明显原因而死亡的大鼠。结论　最理想大鼠脑梗死模型制备是在夏季 ,体重 2 70～ 2 80g ,插线长度小于 1 8cm。     

Relationship between the hemodynamic changes on multi-Td pulsed arterial spin labeling images and the degrees of cerebral artery stenosis

Objective

To explore the relationship between the hemodynamic changes on multi-Td (delay time) pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) images and the degrees of cerebral artery stenosis, and to evaluate the value of multi-Td PASL in detecting the signal changes in cerebral arteries with stenosis.

Patients and methods

29 patients with less than 50% stenosis (mild stenosis group) and 22 patients with 50%–69% stenosis (moderate stenosis group) in M1 segment of unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) were included in this study. The degrees of MCA stenosis were measured using time of flight MR angiography (TOF MRA). Multi-Td PASL imaging was performed to detect the signal changes in bilateral MCA. We selected and hand-drew bilateral symmetric branches of MCA as regions of interest (ROIs) on eight-Td PASL images. The intensities of ROIs were measured, and the time-signal intensity curves were acquired by post-processing on a MR workstation. SPSS19.0 statistical software was used for statistics. The differences in the peak intensities and the times to peak intensities between the normal and narrowed sides of the mild and moderate stenosis groups were respectively examined by paired-samples t test. The differences in the changes of peak intensities and times to peak intensity of the two sides between the mild and moderate stenosis groups were examined by independent samples t test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

There were significant difference in the peak intensities (t = − 2.720, p = 0.011 < 0.05) and no significant difference in the times to peak intensities (t = − 1.279, p = 0.212 > 0.05) between the normal and narrowed sides of the mild stenosis group. There were both significant differences in the peak intensities (t = − 6.076, p = 0.000 < 0.05) and times to peak intensities (t = 7.232, p = 0.000 < 0.05) between the normal side and narrowed side of the moderate stenosis group. There were both significant differences in the changes of peak intensities (t = − 2.11, p = 0.040 < 0.05) and times to peak intensity (t = − 4.23, p = 0.000 < 0.05) between the mild and moderate stenosis groups.

Conclusion

The hemodynamic changes on multi-Td PASL images were different with the degrees of cerebral artery stenosis. Moderate stenosis means greater hemodynamic changes in the arteries than mild stenosis. Multi-Td PASL imaging is a promising means to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in cerebral arteries with stenosis.     

Quantification of the power changes in BOLD signals using Welch spectrum method during different single-hand motor imageries

Motor imagery is an experimental paradigm implemented in cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology. To investigate the asymmetry of the strength of cortical functional activity due to different single-hand motor imageries, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from right handed normal subjects were recorded and analyzed during both left-hand and right-hand motor imagery processes. Then the average power of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in temporal domain was calculated using the developed tool that combines Welch power spectrum and the integral of power spectrum approach of BOLD signal changes during motor imagery. Power change analysis results indicated that cortical activity exhibited a stronger power in the precentral gyrus and medial frontal gyrus with left-hand motor imagery tasks compared with that from right-hand motor imagery tasks. These observations suggest that right handed normal subjects mobilize more cortical nerve cells for left-hand motor imagery. Our findings also suggest that the approach based on power differences of BOLD signals is a suitable quantitative analysis tool for quantification of asymmetry of brain activity intensity during motor imagery tasks.     

Correlative studies in optical reflectance measurements of cerebral blood oxygenation

A numerical study is made of correlation development for measuring cerebral blood oxygen saturation (StO) noninvasively using optical reflectance ratio of dual wavelengths. The Monte Carlo (MC) method was used for simulating reflectance measurements in a model neck tissue, where the cerebral blood oxygenation was monitored through the blood flows in the common carotid artery (CCA) and jugular vein. Reflectance ratios between two wavelengths at 633 and 800 nm were obtained under different blood vessel conditions. The results revealed a quantifiable correlation between the reflectance ratio and the cerebral StO level. Correlations for each of the blood vessel parameters such as the location, size, and hemoglobin concentration of the CCA or jugular vein (JV) were developed.