Real-time monitoring of ischemic and contralateral brain pO2 during stroke by variable length multisite resonators

Purpose

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry using variable length multi-probe implantable resonator (IR), was used to investigate the temporal changes in the ischemic and contralateral brain pO₂ during stroke in rats.

Material and methods

The EPR signal to noise ratio (S/N) of the IR with four sensor loops at a depth of up to 11 mm were compared with direct implantation of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc, oximetry probe) deposits in vitro. These IRs were used to follow the temporal changes in pO₂ at two sites in each hemisphere during ischemia induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats breathing 30% O₂ or 100% O₂.

Results

The S/N ratios of the IRs were significantly greater than the LiPc deposits. A similar pO₂ at two sites in each hemisphere prior to the onset of ischemia was observed in rats breathing 30% O₂. However, a significant decline in the pO₂ of the left cortex and striatum occurred during ischemia, but no change in the pO₂ of the contralateral brain was observed. A significant increase in the pO₂ of only the contralateral non-ischemic brain was observed in the rats breathing 100% O₂. No significant difference in the infarct volume was evident between the animals breathing 30% O₂ or 100% O₂ during ischemia.

Conclusions

EPR oximetry with IRs can repeatedly assess temporal changes in the brain pO₂ at four sites simultaneously during stroke. This oximetry approach can be used to test and develop interventions to rescue ischemic tissue by modulating cerebral pO₂ during stroke.     

脑梗死所致癫痫持续状态的抢救及护理

目的：了解脑梗死引起癫痫持续状态时的抢救及护理措施．方法：对36例癫痫持续状态病人给予抗癫痫、降颅压、吸氧、纠正电解质紊乱,并配合各种护理措施,密切观察病情变化及时给予对症处理．结果：36例中34例经有效的抢救及护理,痊愈出院．结论：脑梗死所致癫痫持续状态经及早救治,精心护理,可以痊愈．     

金乌贼脑和视神经节蛋白质组比较分析

采用双向凝胶电泳(2D-PAGE)技术优化分离金乌贼的脑及视神经节全蛋白质, 并选用肽质量指纹谱(Peptide mass fingerprinting, PMF)技术和数据库检索方法对2D-PAGE图谱上的部分蛋白质斑点进行鉴定, 初步构建了金乌贼视神经节(Optic ganglion of Sepia esculenta, SEOG)和脑神经节(Cerebral ganglion of Sepia esculenta, SECG)部分分子解剖图谱. 用Melanie 4 Trial软件分析脑神经节和视神经节蛋白质斑点总数量分别为682和594个, 其中SECG蛋白质斑点数量明显多于SEOG. 在脑神经节和视神经节中均发现了线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶前体(Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase precursor, pre-MDH)及可溶性NSF连接蛋白(SNAP-type proteins). 此外, 延长因子(Elongation factor G)、微管蛋白(Tubulin)和肌动蛋白(Actin)等蛋白质也具有高匹配率. 已鉴定的蛋白质, 多数归属于假定蛋白和结构蛋白类.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与脑缺血再灌注损伤

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子是由多种细胞分泌的具有多种生物学功能的细胞因子。它不仅能够促进周围神经的再生和延长外周神经元的存活,而且在动物脑缺血再灌注模型中具有重要的抗损伤作用,为临床上脑缺血再灌注损伤疾病的治疗带来了光明的前景。     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马组织AchE活力的动态观察

目的观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马组织AchE活力的动态变化.方法阻断大鼠双侧颈总动脉进行脑缺血再灌注,于术后第1,7,15 d用比色法测海马组织AchE活力.结果第1,7 d模型大鼠AchE活力分别是(170.95±10.44)mmol·L-1,(168.34±12.02)mmol·L-1,较正常组明显降低(P＜0.01),且7 d组AchE活力低于1 d组,随着缺血再灌注损伤的修复,15 d组AchE活力明显回升.结论 AchE活力降低在缺血再灌注脑损伤中起重要作用.     

动脉硬化性脑梗死继发性癫痫

动脉硬化性脑梗死继发性癫痫217例,梗死灶主要位于脑叶,提示痫性活动与皮层梗死密切相关,早发性痫性发作（发生于脑梗死2周内）为短暂性痫性发作,可能为脑代谢异常所致,一般仅临时用安定,预后好,晚发性痫性发作（发生于脑梗死2周后）可能为癫痫灶所致,半数病例需服抗癫痫药。     

血塞通治疗脑血栓形成70例疗效观察

采用完全随机设计,观察血塞通注射液对脑血栓形成的治疗效果,结果表明治疗组治愈率44．3％,总有效率95．7％;对照组治愈率30．3％,总有效率83．3％,治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,血塞通注射液对脑血栓形成具有肯定的疗效。     

苦荞黄酮对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

将Wistar大鼠随机分为5组，分别为假手术组（Sham）、缺血再灌注组（I／R）、苦荞黄酮小剂量组、苦荞黄酮大剂量和芦丁组．手术前30min腹腔注射给药，采用线栓法结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉，制备脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，缺血30min，再灌注90min．然后断头取脑，测定脑匀浆中各种丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、一氧化氮（NO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）．I／R组，脑组织中MDA、LDH、NO较sham组明显增高，而SOD较Sham组降低．苦荞黄酮大小剂量和芦丁均能降低脑组织中MDA、LDH、NO含量，但对SOD活力影响均不明显．结果说明苦养黄酮可能通过抗自由基和减轻NO介导的神经毒性来发挥对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用，为进一步开发和利用苦养奠定了理论基础．     

降纤酶治疗脑梗塞64例临床疗效观察

目的：探讨降纤酶对脑梗塞的治疗效果及对血液流变学的影响。方法：治疗组64例采用降纤酶治疗脑梗塞，对照组58例采用5％低分子右旋糖酐加维脑路通注射液静脉滴注治疗脑梗塞，进行对比观察。结果：对治疗前后患的神经功能缺损进行评定，治疗组降低纤维蛋白原、改善血液流变学明显优于对照组。结论：降纤酶溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞有一定疗效。     

Callistephin inhibits amyloid-β protein aggregation and determined cytotoxicity against cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells as an in vitro model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

It has been indicated that amyloid β (Aβ) plaques can be accumulated within the basement membranes of cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) and stimulate the induction of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, the exact mechanism(s) of which small molecules including callistephin mitigate the formation of Aβ aggregation and associated CAA is not well-understood. Therefore, in the present study, Aβ_1–42 samples in the aggregation buffer were co-incubated for 36 h without or with of callistephin and the protein aggregation features along with the associated cytotoxicity against CVSMCs as the core components of cerebral arterial wall were explored by different biochemical and cellular methods. Fluorescence (ThT, Nile red) and CD techniques indicated the inhibition of Aβ_1–42 fibrillization in the presence of callistephin. Cellular assays revealed that cytotoxicity of Aβ_1–42 samples aged in the aggregation buffer with callistephin was much less against CVSMCs than Aβ_1–42 amyloid alone through regulation of membrane leakage and downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 at protein level. In conclusion, these data may provide useful information about the possible mechanisms by which callistephin can show its protective effect against CAA.