论营养与智力开发的相关性

本文根据大脑营养学研究近况,论证了营养与智力开发的相关性,并分析了10种营养物质与脑的生理机能的关系.     

颅脑损伤后脑组织中水通道蛋白4表达的变化

目的研究颅脑损伤后水通道蛋白4（AQP-4）在脑组织中表达的变化及其临床意义。方法对27例颅脑损伤患者行开颅手术,将术中取得的挫伤水肿脑组织（损伤组）和颞极减压获得的相对正常脑组织（对照组）进行AQP-4的免疫组化和re-al- time PCR检测。结果损伤组各时点挫伤水肿脑组织AQP-4的表达量均明显高于对照组（均P＜0.05）;损伤24h后周围水肿脑组织中的AQP-4表达量显著升高。结论颅脑损伤后脑水肿的形成和发展与AQP-4的异常表达密切相关。     

CHX抗栓注射液对小鼠脑缺氧保护作用研究

目的通过CHX抗栓注射液对小鼠断头存活时间和常压耐缺氧能力的影响,观察该药对小鼠脑组织急性缺氧的保护作用.方法给小鼠腹腔注射CHX抗栓注射液每天2.5 nmg/kg,5 mg/kg,7.5 mg/kg,连续7d,实验采用小白鼠断头法和小鼠常压缺氧模型.结果不同浓度的CHX抗栓注射液,均可明显延长小白鼠断头存活时间和常压缺氧存活时间,与对照组相比,差异非常显著.结论 CHX抗栓注射对小白鼠脑缺氧具有保护作用.     

丹酚酸A 对H2O2 所致大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞氧化损伤保护的实验研究

目的 观察丹酚酸A 对H2O2所致大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞（RCMECs）氧化损伤的保护作用，并探讨其可能的作用机 制。方法 分离并培养大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞，用H2 O2 损伤的方法建立氧自由基损伤模型。采用丹酚酸A 进行干预后，分别测定细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性、血栓素B2（TXB2）水平、6- 酮基前列腺素1α（6-keto-PGF1α）的含量，以及细胞内和培养液中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。结果 H2O2致RCMECs 氧化损伤后，细胞LDH 释放水平、TXB2和MDA 的含量均明显增加，同时6-keto-PGF1α 含量和SOD 活性显著下降；而丹酚酸A 预处理后能呈浓度依赖性的降低RCMECs 氧化损伤后LDH 水平、TXB2含量和细胞内外的MDA 含量，提高受损细胞6-keto-PGF1α 的表达和细胞内外SOD 活性。结论 丹酚酸A 对H2O2所致RCMECs 氧化损伤具有保护作用，其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

补阳还五汤联合依达拉奉对脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究补阳还五汤联合依达拉奉对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3表达的影响。方法将50只小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、补阳还五汤组、依达拉奉组和两药联用组,每组10只,其中缺血再灌注后1d和7d各5只。首先制备小鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型,TUNEL法观察神经细胞凋亡指数（AI）,免疫组化法观察小鼠大脑皮质神经元Bcl、Bax-2和Caspase-3表达阳性细胞数。结果与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组、依达拉奉组、两药联用组小鼠脑神经细胞AI值均明显降低（P＜0.05）,Bcl-2/Bax比值明显升高（P＜0.05）,Caspase-3表达阳性细胞数明显减少（P＜0.05）,其中又以两药联用组更为明显（P＜0.05）。结论两药联用能降低脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞的凋亡,降低促凋亡基因Caspase-3的表达,协同发挥脑保护作用。     

急性脑梗死患者脑微出血的发病情况及其危险因素分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者脑微出血的发病情况及其危险因素。方法选择急性脑梗死患者75例,男51例,女24例,年龄42～83（64.9±10.8）岁。行头颅CT、磁敏感成像（SWI）检查,依据脑微出血检出的结果分成阳性组（23例）与阴性组（52例）,比较两组的一般资料,探讨脑微出血发病的危险因素。结果SWI检查的检出率比CT检出率高（χ2=27.17,P＜0.05）。阳性组年龄、高血压病、糖尿病患病率均较阴性组高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;两组性别、血脂异常、心房颤动、冠心病、吸烟、饮酒情况比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。logistic回归分析显示年龄增长、高血压病是脑微出血的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论急性脑梗死患者合并存在脑微出血的比例高,SWI检查是检测脑微出血的敏感方法,年龄大、高血压病与脑微出血的发生密切相关。     

Pattern recognition system for the discrimination of multiple sclerosis from cerebral microangiopathy lesions based on texture analysis of magnetic resonance images

In this study, a pattern recognition system has been developed for the discrimination of multiple sclerosis (MS) from cerebral microangiopathy (CM) lesions based on computer-assisted texture analysis of magnetic resonance images. Twenty-three textural features were calculated from MS and CM regions of interest, delineated by experienced radiologists on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images and obtained from 11 patients diagnosed with clinically definite MS and from 18 patients diagnosed with clinically definite CM. The probabilistic neural network classifier was used to construct the proposed pattern recognition system and the generalization of the system to unseen data was evaluated using an external cross validation process. According to the findings of the present study, statistically significant differences exist in the values of the textural features between CM and MS: MS regions were darker, of higher contrast, less homogeneous and rougher as compared to CM.     

脑裂头蚴病的临床及影像学分析

探讨脑裂头蚴病的临床及影像学表现,以提高本病的影像诊断水平。回顾性分析9例手术病理证实的脑裂头蚴病的临床及影像学资料。9例均行CT检查,其中8例行MRI检查。结果为脑裂头蚴病临床表现以癫痫、轻偏瘫和头痛多见。CT表现特点为低密度灶伴点状钙化,不规则或点状强化。MRI可见病灶区有串珠状增强或扭曲的条索样增强影。患者血清免疫学检查均显示裂头蚴抗体阳性。本组9例中8例在CT定位下行立体定向活检,1例手术开颅取出,预后均良好。多数脑裂头蚴病的CT和MRI表现具有特征性。血清免疫学检查及CT引导下立体定向活检在诊断和处理脑裂头蚴病中起到重要作用。     

脑栓通颗粒对实验性脑缺血的保护作用

目的研究脑栓通颗粒对实验性脑缺血的保护作用。方法采用小鼠断头后张口喘气的方法,观察脑栓通颗粒对小鼠耐缺氧的影响;常压耐缺氧法考察脑栓通颗粒的抗缺氧作用;采用尾静脉注射伊文思蓝溶液,测定脑内的伊文思蓝含量,观察脑栓通颗粒对小鼠血脑通透性的影响;采用结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉的方法,考察脑栓通颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响。结果脑栓通颗粒能明显延长小鼠断头后喘气时间,对延长小鼠常压耐缺氧下存活时间的效果不明显;脑栓通颗粒中剂量组和高剂量组能明显增加小鼠脑内的伊文思蓝含量,增强血脑通透性;脑栓通颗粒能明显减轻缺血再灌注后大鼠的脑组织含水量,改善水肿状态。结论脑栓通颗粒对实验性脑缺血有保护作用。     

Investigation of the velocity field in a full-scale model of a cerebral aneurysm

Due to improved and now widely used imaging methods in clinical surgery practise, detection of unruptured cerebral aneurysms becomes more and more frequent. For the selection and development of a low-risk and highly effective treatment option, the understanding of the involved hemodynamic mechanisms is of great importance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), in vivo angiographic imaging and in situ experimental investigations of flow behaviour are powerful tools which could deliver the needed information. Hence, the aim of this contribution is to experimentally characterise the flow in a full-scale phantom model of a realistic cerebral aneurysm. The acquired experimental data will then be used for a quantitative validation of companion numerical simulations. The experimental methodology relies on the large-field velocimetry technique PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry), processing high speed images of fluorescent tracer particles added to the flow of a blood-mimicking fluid.First, time-resolved planar PTV images were recorded at 4500 fps and processed by a complex, in-house algorithm. The resulting trajectories are used to identify Lagrangian flow structures, vortices and recirculation zones in two-dimensional measurement slices within the aneurysm sac. The instantaneous inlet velocity distribution, needed as boundary condition for the numerical simulations, has been measured with the same technique but using a higher frame rate of 20,000 fps in order to avoid ambiguous particle assignment. From this velocity distribution, the time-resolved volume flow rate has been also derived. In this manner, a direct comparison between numerical simulations and PTV measurements will be possible in the near future, opening the door for highly accurate computational predictions.