Possible developmental mechanisms underlying the origin of the crown lineages of arthropods

The extraordinarily preserved, diverse arthropod fauna from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shale, central Yunnan (southwest China), represents different evolutionary stages stepping from stem lineages towards crown arthropods (also called euarthropods), which makes this fauna extremely significant for discussion of the origin and early diversification of the arthropods. Anatomical analyses of the Maotianshan shale arthropods strongly indicate that     

稻瘟菌毒素胁迫下水稻根部生理变化及相关基因表达研究

以丽江新团黑谷和谷梅二号为研究对象,利用稻瘟菌粗毒素分别对两者的幼苗根部处理0、6、12、24、48h,并进行地上部和地下部生理指标和相关基因表达分析研究.结果表明,毒素处理后,除SOD外,POD和CAT的活性均升高,MDA含量也升高.与水杨酸和茉莉酸途径相关的8个基因与本底水平相比都表现出上调或下调的趋势,可见这两个途径都得到了表达.特别是48h时,PAL、JIOsPR10、PR1b和PR4在稻瘟病抗性品种谷梅二号的根或叶中的表达量远高于敏感品种丽江新团黑谷,说明这4个基因的表达在调节谷梅二号抗稻瘟菌毒素中具有重要作用.     

不同花色品种蝴蝶兰花色素苷含量分析及相关基因表达研究

分析红色、黄色、粉紫色和白色蝴蝶兰品种不同开放度的花和叶花色素苷生物合成途径7个结构基因PAL、4CL、CHS、DFR、F3H、F3'5H和ANS基因和3个调节基因的表达.结果显示:10个基因的表达因不同花色、不同发育阶段而异.这10个基因在叶中的表达量相对花较低.黄金甲中PAL、4CL、CHS、F3H、F3'5H基因的表达量均较高,PAL、4CL、CHS和F3'5H在开花期达到峰值,粉色花空港红鹰花DFR、CHS、F3H、F3'5H表达量较高.白色花空港枫叶和黄色花富乐夕阳花中CHS、DFR、F3H、F3'5H和ANS表达量较低.CHS在6个品种花的不同阶段皆有表达.F3H基因在6个品种中表达量较低,与花色素合成不存在直接相关.调节基因b HLH 6个品种各发育阶段的表达量均较高,MYB表达量较低,这些结果表明,蝴蝶兰花色素苷积累是CHS、F3'5H、DFR和ANS等关键结构基因共同表达的结果,编码转录因子b HLH基因的表达可能在花色形成中作用较大.     

多氯联苯胁迫下红树蚬荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

【目的】筛选出多氯联苯(PCBs)胁迫下红树蚬(Polymesoda erosa)的实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)最适内参基因,为进一步开展分子毒理学研究奠定基础。【方法】以β?actin、18S rRNA、GAPDH和#?tubulin为候选内参基因,qRT-PCR测定PCBs胁迫下4个候选内参基因在红树蚬外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌和肝胰腺组织中的表达水平,应用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper软件分析其表达稳定性。【结果】geNorm软件分析表明β?actin表达最稳定;NormFinder软件分析发现,外套膜、鳃和肝胰腺组织中β?actin的稳定性最好,闭壳肌组织中β?actin(0.454)表达稳定性略微低于#?tubulin(0.425),排第2位;BestKeeper软件分析表明,外套膜和鳃组织中β?actin最稳定,肝胰腺和闭壳肌组织中GAPDH最稳定,β?actin排位第2位。【结论】筛选β?actin为红树蚬在PCBs胁迫下的qRT-PCR最适内参基因。     

基于遍历基因组合的特征基因选取方法

特征基因的选取是非常热门的问题,在癌症是由某个或者某几个基因共同相互作用引起变异的假设下,从最简单的2个基因组合进行研究,遍历所有可能的基因组合,运用Logistic回归分类器,以预测精度和AIC准则为评价标准,对所有的模拟结果进行评价,得到最优基因组合（X55187,D14812）。同时运用交叉留一检验,验证了此基因组合建立模型的稳定性。最后又对预测精度大于90%的640对基因组合进行频数分析,并与已有文献进行比较,得到出现频率高的基因组合,预测精度并不一定高的结论。     

环丙沙星和铜复合污染下河流底质微生物群落与抗生素抗性基因的交互关系

选择环丙沙星(CFC)和铜(Cu)作为目标污染物,设计室内驯化试验,通过16S rRNA高通量测序、定量PCR等技术探究CFC和Cu复合污染下河流底质微生物群落与抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)间的交互关系。结果表明,CFC单一污染、Cu单一污染和复合污染试验组中ARGs丰度、微生物群落组成及功能存在显著差异;所有试验组的总ARGs相对丰度呈现随时间先增后减的变化趋势。共现网络分析表明, intI 1与3类ARGs和8个菌群相关,是ARGs和微生物群落之间的桥梁;所属变形菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门的细菌最有可能成为水环境中ARGs的潜在宿主。基于偏冗余分析发现,在MGEs、微生物群落和污染物等因素中微生物群落对ARGs丰度变化总解释率最高(49.77%);路径分析表明,CFC和Cu主要通过微生物群落间接地影响ARGs的传播和扩散。     

植物抗病基因工程研究现状及展望

近年来 ,随着植物抗病基因的分离 ,植物抗病机制的分子生物学和植物抗病基因工程的研究轰轰烈烈地展开并取得重大突破。利用抗病基因进行遗传转化已相继取得成功 ,基于抗病反应内在机制的基因工程也开始启动 ,并将越来越广泛地应用于作物抗病品种选育和农业生产实践。     

QUANTITATIVE EXPLANATION ON STRUCTURE-CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF AROMATIC AMINES BY DI-REGION THEORY

Di-region theory, the theory for the mechanism of carcinogenesis, has been extendedsuccessfully on the quantitative Structure-carcinogenic activity relationship (QSCAR) of 63aromatic amines. A quantitative equation for the QSCAR of aromatic amines has been estab-lished by the mechanism conception of the specialized di- functional alkylation between thenitrenium ion of the amino group and the epoxide of the aromatic ring. The agreementbetween calculation and experiment comes up to 98%. Thus, it can now express the puzzlingvariation of the carcinogenicity of aromatic amines, as a comprehensible structure-chemicalreactivity relationship.     

Bipartite network analysis reveals metabolic gene expression profiles that are highly associated with the clinical outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia

Dysregulated and reprogrammed metabolism are one of the most important characteristics of cancer, and exploiting cancer cell metabolism can aid in understanding the diverse clinical outcomes for patients. To investigate the differences in metabolic pathways among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and differential survival outcomes, we systematically conducted microarray data analysis of the metabolic gene expression profiles from 384 patients available from the Gene Expression Omnibus and Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the metabolic differences between low-risk and high-risk patients mainly existed in two pathways: biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation. Using the gene-pathway bipartite network, 62 metabolic genes were identified from 272 DEGs involved in 88 metabolic pathways. Based on the expression patterns of the 62 genes, patients with shorter overall survival (OS) durations in the training set (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58, p = 0.038) and in two test sets (HR = 1.69 and 1.56 and p = 0.089 and 0.029, respectively) were well discriminated by hierarchical clustering analysis. Notably, the expression profiles of ALAS2, BCAT1, BLVRB, and HK3 showed distinct differences between the low-risk and high-risk patients. In addition, models for predicting the OS outcome of AML from the 62 gene signatures achieved improved performance compared with previous studies. In conclusion, our findings reveal significant differences in metabolic processes of patients with AML with diverse survival durations and provide valuable information for clinical translation.