Covering shadows with a smaller volume

For n?2 a construction is given for convex bodies K and L in Rn such that the orthogonal projection Lu onto the subspace u^⊥ contains a translate of Ku for every direction u, while the volumes of K and L satisfy Vn(K)>Vn(L).A more general construction is then given for n-dimensional convex bodies K and L such that each orthogonal projection Lξ onto a k-dimensional subspace ξ contains a translate of Kξ, while the mth intrinsic volumes of K and L satisfy Vm(K)>Vm(L) for all m>k.For each k=1,…,n, we then define the collection Cn,k to be the closure (under the Hausdorff topology) of all Blaschke combinations of suitably defined cylinder sets (prisms).It is subsequently shown that, if L∈Cn,k, and if the orthogonal projection Lξ contains a translate of Kξ for every k-dimensional subspace ξ of Rn, then Vn(K)?Vn(L).The families Cn,k, called k-cylinder bodies of Rn, form a strictly increasing chain

Cn,1⊂Cn,2⊂?⊂Cn,n−1⊂Cn,n,     

节理岩体中地下洞室超挖计算

讨论了超挖的定义以及不稳定块体体积与超挖的关系 ,总结了计算块体位置和体积的方法可分为随机、确定性和半概率方法三类 ,为今后超挖方面的研究提出了指导方向。重点分析并给出了被三个节理面切割的岩块以及隐含危险岩块的位置计算的确定性方法 ,提出了岩块体积计算简易的近似算法。超挖计算对洞室安全、高效地现场施工具有重要指导意义.     

番红花红T敏化的新型光致聚合物全息存储材料

制备了一种以番红花红T为光敏剂的新型全息存储材料,实验结果表明,该材料具有较高的衍射效率、曝光灵敏度和较大的折射率调制度等,最大衍射效率约38.5%,折射率调制度为0.547×10－3,在存储介质膜中存储了模拟全息图像,再现图像有较好的保真度,说明该材料适合用作高密度体全息存储介质。     

On the Boolean Model of Wiener Sausages

The Boolean model of Wiener sausages is a random closed set that can be thought of as a random collection of parallel neighborhoods of independent Wiener paths in space. It describes e.g. the target detection area of a network of sensors moving according to the Brownian dynamics whose initial locations are chosen in the medium at random. In the paper, the capacity functional of this Boolean model is given. Moreover, the one- and two-point coverage probabilities as well as the contact distribution function and the specific surface area are studied. In and , the one- and two-point coverage probabilities are calculated numerically by Monte Carlo simulations and as a solution of the heat conduction problem. The corresponding approximation formulae are given and the error of approximation is analyzed. Research supported by the grant GACR 201/06/0302.     

Modeling of metallic foam morphology using the Representative Volume Element approach: Development and experimental validation

This paper focuses on the development of an algorithm capable of generating morphologically-representative foam structures using the Representative Volume Element (RVE) approach. Stereology, a sampling method based on direct observations of the foam cross-sections, is used to characterize the pore size and shape distributions. Using the morphology generation algorithm, the smallest RVEs corresponding to the numerically-convergent foam morphologies are calculated for different foam porosities. To validate the foam generation algorithm, the pore size and shape distributions of the numerically-generated foams are compared to those of the titanium foams manufactured by the space holder method.     

A higher‐order unsplit 2D direct Eulerian finite volume method for two‐material compressible flows based on the MOOD paradigms

A higher‐order unsplit multi‐dimensional discretization of the diffuse interface model for two‐material compressible flows proposed by R. Saurel, F. Petitpas and R. A. Berry in 2009 is developed. The proposed higher‐order method is based on the concepts of the Multidimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD) method introduced in three recent papers for single‐material flows. The first‐order unsplit multi‐dimensional Finite Volume discretization presented by SPB serves as foundation for the development of the higher‐order unlimited schemes. Specific detection criteria along with a novel decrementing algorithm for the MOOD method are designed in order to deal with the complexity of multi‐material flows. Numerically, we compare errors and computational times on several 1D problems (stringent shock tube and cavitation problems) computed on 2D meshes with the second‐ and fourth‐order MOOD methods using a classical MUSCL method as reference. Several simulations of a 2D shocked R22 bubble in the air are also presented on Cartesian and unstructured meshes with the second‐ and fourth‐order MOOD methods, and qualitative comparisons confirm the conclusions obtained with 1D problems. These numerical results demonstrate the robustness of the MOOD approach and the interest of using more than second‐order methods even for locally singular solutions of complex physics models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

魏源与现代意义上的湘西

魏源是我国十九世纪四十年代＂开眼看世界＂的第一批先进人物,他一生硕果累累。在哲学、文学、地理和方志很多方面都作出了杰出的贡献。身为湘西人,魏源与现代意义上的湘西有着不解之缘,主要体现在三个方面：魏源是现代意义上的湘西人;他的《圣武记》卷七对现代意义上湘西的乾嘉苗民起义进行了具体的载述,为清中叶划分提供了充分的史料依据;审定刊校了道光本的《凤凰厅志》。     

我国刨花板生产中测定胶液流量的主要方法

介绍了当前交国刨花板生产中测定胶液流量的三种主要方法，分析比较了这三种方法的工作原理和工作特点，最后进行了总结并提出了建议。     

298.15K下ccl4在CH3OH—C6H6混合物中的偏摩尔体积

有若干原因促使人们使用混合溶剂,例如对溶解度的技术要求,欲改变溶剂的介电常数,都常常改变溶剂的组成。人们研究溶剂结构及其对溶质性质的影响,则把潜溶剂加入水中就会对溶剂的结构产生影响。关于混合溶剂中各种化学问题的讨论,都必须考虑组份内和组份间的这两种相互作用,体积函数比较直观,有助于对其它偏摩尔数量的理解。近年来,由于商品密度计的开发,对溶液密度的直接测量前进了一步,此种密度计仅需要较小体积的溶液和提供了10~(-6)(克)的准确度。本文采用“高精度读数式液体流动密度计”,测定四氯化碳在甲醇—苯体系中偏摩尔体积。以第三组分在二元混合物中偏摩尔性质变化,探讨三元系中分子间相互作用和机理。     

双齿围沙蚕体积调节的研究：Ⅱ.体积调节的稳态参数

本文对双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)体积调节的稳态参数——渗透压、氯离子浓度、水含量等进行了研究,发现在低盐度下,体液渗透压高于环境,在高盐度下基本与环境等渗;体中氯含量曲线与渗透压曲线相似,说明渗透压与盐度紧密相关;盐度越低,体內水含量越高,三者是相互关连的。