Syntactic characterization of closure under connected limits

Summary We give a syntactic characterization of (finitary) theories whose categories of models are closed under the formation of connected limits (respectively the formation of pullbacks and substructures) in the category of all structures. They are also those theories whose consistent extensions by new atomic facts admit in each component an initial structure (respectively an initial term structure), and also thoseT for whichM(T) is locally finitely multi-presentable in a canonical way. We also show that these two properties of theories are nonuniform.     

High pressure X-ray diffraction study of CdAl2Se4 and Raman study of AAl2Se4 (A=Hg, Zn) and CdAl2X4 (X=Se, S)

We report the results of an X-ray diffraction study of CdAl₂Se₄ and of Raman studies of HgAl₂Se₄ and ZnAl₂Se₄ at room temperature, and of CdAl₂S₄ and CdAl₂Se₄ at 80 K at high pressure. The ambient pressure phase of CdAl₂Se₄ is stable up to a pressure of 9.1 GPa above which a phase transition to a disordered rock salt phase is observed. A fit of the volume pressure data to a Birch-Murnaghan type equation of state yields a bulk modulus of 52.1 GPa. The relative volume change at the phase transition at ∼9 GPa is about 10%. The analysis of the Raman data of HgAl₂Se₄ and ZnAl₂Se₄ reveals a general trend observed for different defect chalcopyrite materials. The line widths of the Raman peaks change at intermediate pressures between 4 and 6 GPa as an indication of the pressure induced two stage order-disorder transition observed in these materials. In addition, we include results of a low temperature Raman study of CdAl₂S₄ and CdAl₂Se₄, which shows a very weak temperature dependence of the Raman-active phonon modes.     

Synthesis and characterisation of cadmium titanium oxide thin films by sol-gel technique

Crack free, dense and transparent CdTiO₃ thin films have been prepared by sol-gel technique using titanium butoxide and cadmium acetate. The formation of the CdTiO₃ phase started from 500°C annealing temperature onwards. The complete orthorhombic structure of CdTiO₃ was formed on Silicon (100) substrate at an annealing temperature of 600°C for 5 h. As the annealing temperature increased from 600 to 700°C, we have observed the cadmium silicate phase at the interface of Si and CdTiO₃ phase. Structural, morphological and elemental evolution of these CdTiO₃ thin films produced by sol-gel synthesis were characterised by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively.     

C60激发三重态被哌嗪猝灭特性研究

本文使用激光诱导瞬态吸收光谱装置,研究了C60激发三重态在乙腈/甲苯混合溶剂中的光物理性质,得到了3C60的激发态寿命、自猝灭速率常数和时间分辩的瞬态吸收光谱.此外,实验中引入了哌嗪作为激发三重态猝灭剂.我们发现哌嗪能有效的猝灭3C60,猝灭速率常数kq接近扩散控制极限.改变混合溶剂的比例,相应的猝灭速率常数值也发生变化,即kq随混合溶剂极性的增加而增加,随溶剂粘度的增加而减小.稳态光解实验反映了反应物向产物转化过程中在紫外-可见波段吸收强度的变化.     

Rehabilitation of the Gauss-Jordan algorithm

Summary In this paper a Gauss-Jordan algorithm with column interchanges is presented and analysed. We show that, in contrast with Gaussian elimination, the Gauss-Jordan algorithm has essentially differing properties when using column interchanges instead of row interchanges for improving the numerical stability. For solutions obtained by Gauss-Jordan with column interchanges, a more satisfactory bound for the residual norm can be given. The analysis gives theoretical evidence that the algorithm yields numerical solutions as good as those obtained by Gaussian elimination and that, in most practical situations, the residuals are equally small. This is confirmed by numerical experiments. Moreover, timing experiments on a Cyber 205 vector computer show that the algorithm presented has good vectorisation properties.     

一种新型可调谐锁模光纤激光器

利用法布里-珀罗腔的激光二极管作为调制器件，实现环形腔光纤激光器的主动锁模。并利用法布里-珀罗腔的激光二极管的多纵模特性，把激光二极管当作一梳状滤波器，通过偏振控制器来调整入射到激光二极管内光的偏振态，同时均衡腔内增益，得到波长大范围可调谐的锁模激光，其脉冲宽度约为48ps，脉冲重复速率2GHz。     

In situ neutron diffraction study (300-1273 K) of non-stoichiometric strontium ferrite SrFeOx

The high-temperature cubic phase of non-stoichiometric strontium ferrite SrFeO_x (2.5≤x≤3.0) has been studied by in situ neutron powder diffraction in air over the temperature range 300-1273 K. The composition of SrFeO_x changes within the range 2.56≤x≤2.81 from 1273 to 673 K, respectively.Rietveld refinements of the diffraction patterns show that the high-temperature cubic phase of SrFeO_x is consistent with a face-centred Fm3c structure. This structure leads to agreement with previous density measurements. This cell allows the high-temperature structure of SrFeO_x to be described in terms of a solid solution of the composition end members. Cubic SrFeO_x at high temperature is found to closely obey Vegard's law. The density of cubic SrFeO_x is also found to exhibit a linear relationship with composition.     

Asymptotique de la norme $L^2$ d'un cycle géodésique dans les revêtements de congruence d'une variété hyperbolique arithmétique

Let M be an arithmetic hyperbolic manifold and be a codimension 1 geodesic cycle. In this paper, we study the asymptotic growth of the -norm of the lifts of F in the congruence tower above M. We obtain an explicit value for the growth rate of this norm. In particular, we provide a new proof of a celebrated result of Millson [Mi] on the homology of the arithmetic hyperbolic manifolds. The method is quite general and gives a new way of getting non zero homology classes in certain locally symmetric spaces. Received: 20 April 2001; in final form: 26 September 2001 / Published online: 28 February 2002     

Simultaneous Packing and Covering in the Euclidean Plane

 In this article we study the simultaneous packing and covering constants of two-dimensional centrally symmetric convex domains. Besides an identity result between translative case and lattice case and a general upper bound, exact values for some special domains are determined. Similar to Mahler and Reinhardt’s result about packing densities, we show that the simultaneous packing and covering constant of an octagon is larger than that of a circle. (Received 17 January 2001; in revised form 13 July 2001)