对接接头对现代木结构桥梁SLT桥面板性能的影响

 针对现代木结构桥梁应力叠合木(SLT)桥面板性能受其对接接头的影响问题,探讨了Ritter、Crews 的设计方法以及加拿大、美国、欧洲的有关规范,并通过工程实例进行了计算分析。结果表明,对接接头会降低SLT 桥面板的强度及刚度,为了保证结构安全,需要合理设计对接接头的频率与间距,而各种设计方法及规范中,Ritter 设计方法相对安全,目前SLT 桥面板的应用在中国尚处于初期研究阶段,适合采用安全系数较高的Ritter 设计方法;在恒载和活载作用下,SLT 桥面板的挠度安全储备较应力安全储备大,采用Ritter 设计方法时弯曲应力计算值为设计值的69.2%,而挠度计算值为容许值的90.7%,因此在SLT 桥面板的应用设计中要着重考虑满足刚度要求。     

《特种建筑材料》双语教学的探索与实践

就《特种建筑材料》采用双语教学的教材、课件、教学形式、作业、考试等问题进行了探讨,并对《特种建筑材料》开展双语教学一年多来的成效进行了分析,希望对其他课程的双语教学开设有一定借鉴作用。     

基于组合模型的建筑物沉降预测

以上海某建筑物沉降观测数据[1]为依据,构建一种新的组合预测模型,并对沉降数据进行预测,将预测结果与前人单项模型预测结果进行对比,结果表明组合预测模型预测结果要明显优于单项模型。     

Space averaging of vibration level differences measured in lightweight building structures

This paper examines space averaging methods applied to structural level differences measured in lightweight building structures (two beam junction and single plate and beam junction). The methods studied include the averaging assuming a constant input force, the averaging based on a constant vibration level across the source element, and the arithmetic averaging of level differences. Tests indicate that a fairly steady input force can be easily produced when using an impulsive source such as a hammer; the constant input force method is then appropriate and can be used to space average level differences (the two beam structure showing a standard deviation of 0.1 dB from the averaging based on levels normalised to the force). On the other hand, acceleration levels can exhibit significant variations with position due to the low mode count and modal overlap of some lightweight elements such as timber beams. Variations in the vibration level across the source element can then be responsible for large inaccuracies in the level difference calculated from the constant level assumption, the two beams’ results showing errors greater than 5 dB at several 1/3 octave band frequencies. The latter averaging method is then inappropriate and should not be used.     

Potential solutions to improved sound performance of volume based lightweight multi-storey timber buildings

Lightweight building systems in general suffer from poor sound insulation, especially in the low frequency region. Since no reliable mathematical models that can predict the impact sound pressure level exists, the lightweight building design is to a high extent based upon previous experience and upon measurements. A special difficulty is related to experimental measurements since the variation among identical units must not be neglected. A modern volume based lightweight wooden building concept has here been tested by numerous well controlled measurements, in laboratory as well as in more field like conditions. The volume construction technique offers new possibilities and challenges to improve sound insulation in light weight timber construction. The main purpose was to investigate how different constructional solutions in the floor, like plaster board, mineral wool, elastic glue, dividing board, floating floor etc., affect the sound insulation. Many of the tested modifications resulted in only marginally changed impact sound pressure level but parameters that substantially can improve the sound insulation were found in using elastic glue to mount the floor boards, to install extra board layers and to use floating floors.     

Multi-objective Bayesian Artificial Immune System: Empirical Evaluation and Comparative Analyses

Recently, we have proposed a Multi-Objective Bayesian Artificial Immune System (MOBAIS) to deal effectively with building blocks (high-quality partial solutions coded in the solution vector) in combinatorial multi-objective problems. By replacing the mutation and cloning operators with a probabilistic model, more specifically a Bayesian network representing the joint distribution of promising solutions, MOBAIS takes into account the relationships among the variables of the problem, avoiding the disruption of already obtained high-quality partial solutions. The preliminary results have indicated that our proposal is able to properly build the Pareto front. Motivated by this scenario, this paper better formalizes the proposal and investigates its usefulness on more challenging problems. In addition, an important enhancement regarding the Bayesian network learning was incorporated into the algorithm in order to speed up its execution. To conclude, we compare MOBAIS with state-of-the-art algorithms taking into account quantitative aspects of the Pareto front found by the algorithms. MOBAIS outperforms the contenders in terms of the quality of the obtained solutions and requires an amount of computational resource inferior or compatible with the contenders.     

Combinatorial Tangent Space and Rational Smoothness of Schubert Varieties

Abstract

Following Contou-Carrère (Contou-Carrère,C. (1983). Géométrie des Groupes Semi-Simples,Résolutions équivariantes et Lieu Singulier de Leurs Variétés de Schubert. Thèse d’état,Université Montpellier II (published partly as,Le Lieu singulier des variétés de Schubert (1988). Adv. Math.,71:186–221)),we consider the Bott-Samelson resolution of a Schubert variety as a variety of galleries in the Tits building associated to the situation. Using Carrell and Peterson's characterization (Carrell,J. B. (1994). The Bruhat graph of a Coxeter group,a conjecture of Deodhar,and rational smoothness of Schubert varieties. Proc. Symp. in Pure Math. 56(Part I):53–61),we prove that rational smoothness of a Schubert variety can be expressed in terms of a subspace of the Zariski tangent space called,the combinatorial tangent space.     

纤维增强聚合物加固带裂缝圆截面木梁的弯曲

对具有纵向贯穿裂缝圆截面木梁全贴纤维增强聚合物(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP) 布的弯曲加固效果进行了研究. 在组合梁小挠度变形的假定下, 建立了全贴FRP 布加固带纵向贯穿裂缝圆截面木梁弯曲变形的控制方程, 研究了自由端集中载荷作用下FRP 布加固圆木梁的弯曲行为, 并得到了问题的解析解, 分析了FRP 布模量和厚度、梁长细比以及裂缝宽度等因素对FRP 布加固木梁弯曲变形的影响. 数值结果表明, FRP 布加固木梁自由端挠度随FRP 布厚度、弹性模量和剪切模量的增加而减少, 且当FRP 布厚度和弹性模量增加到一定值时, 继续增加其厚度和弹性模量对圆木梁的加固作用已不明显; FRP 布的剪切模量对短粗木梁挠度的影响较大, 且当剪切模量较大时, FRP 布加固可完全消除裂缝因素的影响.     

Nanocomposites based on cationic polyelectrolytes and silver nanoparticles: Synthesis,characterization, molybdate retention and antimicrobial activity

The objective of this work was to synthesize nanocomposites based on cationic polyelectrolytes and silver nanoparticles using poly(N-vinylbenzyl-N-triethylammonium chloride) as polymer phase. For that, a nanostructured crosslinker was synthesized from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and acrylic acid. Molybdate retention properties of nanocomposites were studied in function of pH and ionic strength. In addition, their antimicrobial properties were evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus. It was evidenced that AgNPs can be stabilized using acrylic acid and that this material can be incorporated to the polymer phase during polymerization by free radical of cationic monomers. The effect of pH on retention of molybdate, by the nanostructured polymer, was significant only to low ionic strength (the order seen was pH 5.0 > pH 7.0 > pH 9.0 for 0.0% NaCl). Results suggest that the main interaction influencing the molybdate retention is electrostatic in nature. Finally, antimicrobial activity was enhanced by incorporation of polymerizable nanostructured crosslinker based on AgNPs.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.