建筑设计基础教学模式探讨

本文主要从建筑专业和教学环节两部分探讨建筑设计基础教学。     

面向新农村建设的农业社会化服务体系

农业社会化服务体系是事关社会主义新农村建设的全局性、关键性的基础工程之一。新的形势下,农业社会化服务体系定位不准确、结构不合理、功能不完善已经成为影响新农村建设的重大现实问题。进一步加强农业社会化服务工作,健全完善农村经营服务体系、公益性农业技术推广体系和农业执法服务体系建设,对促进农村经济发展,实现农业增效、农民增收和农村发展,意义重大而且紧迫重要。运用系统分析方法,综合考虑新农村服务体系的构成要素,着重从“服务组织系统”和“服务创新系统”的角度,阐述面向新农村建设的社会化服务体系的构建。     

Excitation of analytes and enhancement of emission intensities in a d.c. plasma jet: a critical review leading to proposed mechanistic models

Experimental data and theoretical criteria are used to critically review existing models for analyte emission enhancement in the 3-electrode d.c. plasma (DCP). The analytical zone is characterized as a non-optically thin recombining plasma in partial thermodynamic equilibrium (PTE). Spectrochemical excitation the authors ascribe largely to: (1) argon resonance line radiative transport; (2) inversion of optically pumped argon states; (3) inversion of analyte populations by Franck-Condon collisions with argon; (4) energy cascading in analytes via a multitude of channels. Adding an easily ionized element (EIE): (1) induces additional resonance line radiative transfer; (2) raises electron densities in cooler, analyte-rich plasma margins; (3) locally increases argon optical absorption cross sections via Stark broadening; (4) redistributes ohmic heating. Coupling between the proposed mechanisms is non-linear. Relationships between radiative transfer and collisional redistribution and (1) background suppression by EIE and (2) analyte emission enhancement by helium are also examined. Similarities between DCP and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) excitation mechanisms are noted and practical implications are addressed.     

扎哈·哈迪德的建筑表情

建筑物就和服饰一样有不同的风格,也像人一样有不同的表情。不同的建筑风格共存,并不是什么新鲜的事情,然在追求多元化、个性化的风尚下,扎哈创作出的建筑空间复杂不确定,建筑形式多曲线性,建筑表情极具不稳定性和极富变化的多样性,有难以捕捉的一面。     

DiNi12电子水准仪在济南龙奥大厦沉降观测中的应用

结合济南龙奥大厦沉降观测项目,介绍了应用DiNi12电子水准仪进行沉降观测的全过程,并对测量结果进行了分析。     

Potential solutions to improved sound performance of volume based lightweight multi-storey timber buildings

Lightweight building systems in general suffer from poor sound insulation, especially in the low frequency region. Since no reliable mathematical models that can predict the impact sound pressure level exists, the lightweight building design is to a high extent based upon previous experience and upon measurements. A special difficulty is related to experimental measurements since the variation among identical units must not be neglected. A modern volume based lightweight wooden building concept has here been tested by numerous well controlled measurements, in laboratory as well as in more field like conditions. The volume construction technique offers new possibilities and challenges to improve sound insulation in light weight timber construction. The main purpose was to investigate how different constructional solutions in the floor, like plaster board, mineral wool, elastic glue, dividing board, floating floor etc., affect the sound insulation. Many of the tested modifications resulted in only marginally changed impact sound pressure level but parameters that substantially can improve the sound insulation were found in using elastic glue to mount the floor boards, to install extra board layers and to use floating floors.     

Space averaging of vibration level differences measured in lightweight building structures

This paper examines space averaging methods applied to structural level differences measured in lightweight building structures (two beam junction and single plate and beam junction). The methods studied include the averaging assuming a constant input force, the averaging based on a constant vibration level across the source element, and the arithmetic averaging of level differences. Tests indicate that a fairly steady input force can be easily produced when using an impulsive source such as a hammer; the constant input force method is then appropriate and can be used to space average level differences (the two beam structure showing a standard deviation of 0.1 dB from the averaging based on levels normalised to the force). On the other hand, acceleration levels can exhibit significant variations with position due to the low mode count and modal overlap of some lightweight elements such as timber beams. Variations in the vibration level across the source element can then be responsible for large inaccuracies in the level difference calculated from the constant level assumption, the two beams’ results showing errors greater than 5 dB at several 1/3 octave band frequencies. The latter averaging method is then inappropriate and should not be used.     

洛阳市电信大楼结构设计与施工

结合工程实际对高层建筑中结构及基础的选型、布置、人工挖孔扩底桩及地下室侧壁的设计和施工提出了一些建议，经工程实践检验是可行的，可供设计时参考。     

Performance of textile and building materials for a particular evaporative cooling purpose

High energy demand associated to the massive use of air conditioning systems requires careful consideration of passive cooling strategies, with evaporative cooling being recognized as a useful possibility for that purpose. One important factor that influences the performance of evaporative cooling systems is the media material that supports water evaporation process. In this work evaporative cooling capabilities of different building and textile materials were experimentally determined. The major purpose of the study was to select an evaporative cooling material to be used in a more complex passive cooling unit under research development. A test tunnel was constructed for this particular work and the behavior of several samples was analyzed. Results show that among the studied materials a polyester spacer fabric with honeycomb structure presents best performance.     

建筑工程质量监督管理及对策

建筑工程的质量优劣不仅仅关系到建筑企业的经济效益和声誉,更为重要的是直接影响到人民群众的生命安全和国家的民生大计。因此,怎么样做好工程质量的监督管理是建筑工程管理工作中至为关键的环节。本文首先简要分析影响建筑工程质量的几大要素,提出工程监督管理中的症结所在,最后根据问题提出可行性的建议及措施,仅供同行参考。