量子微结构中的Josephson 效应

文章为纪念Josephson 效应发现50周年而作.文章介绍了当前关于几种量子微结构中Josephson 效应的理论研究,涉及Josephson 效应的基本物理现象和它在某些热点材料中的独特表现,如单层石墨纳米条带中的0-π转变,二维拓扑绝缘体中的手征性边态超导电流,以及半导体微腔中激子极化激元凝聚体之间的Josephson 效应和直流-交流Josephson 电流的转变.     

声子和杂质对三角束缚势量子点量子比特性质的影响

本文以含有类氢杂质的三角束缚势量子点为基础,应用Peker变分方法,电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的本征能量及基态和第一激发态的波函数,量子点中这样的二能级体系可作为一个量子比特。讨论了能量与库仑结合参数,耦合强度,受限长度以及极角的变化关系.     

外电场对InGaAsP/InP量子阱内激子结合能的影响

在有效质量近似下采用变分法计算了InGaAsP/InP量子阱内不同In组分下的激子结合能,分析了结合能随阱宽和In组分的变化情况,并且讨论了外加电场对激子结合能的影响. 结果表明：激子结合能是阱宽的一个非单调函数,随阱宽的变化呈现先增加后减小的趋势;随着In组分增大,激子结合能达到最大值的阱宽相应变小,这与材料的带隙改变有关;在一定范围内电场的存在对激子结合能的影响很小,但电场强度较大时会破坏激子效应. 关键词： 激子 InGaAsP/InP量子阱 结合能 电场     

离子注入及后退火方法制备SiO2基质中镶嵌ZnO纳米粒子的结构和光学性质

利用离子注入及后退火方法在光学纯的石英基片中注入3×1017cm-2剂量的Zn离子,然后在不同的退火条件下制备了高质量的镶嵌在SiO2基质中的ZnO纳米粒子.X射线衍射光谱的实验结果表明在氧气气氛、700℃退火温度和2小时退火时间条件下,得到了(002)择优取向镶嵌在SiO2基质中的ZnO纳米粒子;而在700℃退火温度、N2和O2气氛下顺次退火1小时,得到了比上述条件(002)择优取向更好的ZnO纳米粒子.室温下对用上述两种条件制备的镶嵌在SiO2基质中的ZnO纳米粒子观察到了自由激子吸收峰.室温光致发光谱中观察到了ZnO纳米粒子位于3.29eV处的强紫外发射,紫外发射强度与深能级发光强度之比为40,紫外发射峰的半高宽为96meV,晶体质量类似于分子束外延方法生长的ZnO.在低温(77K)光致发光谱中,较强的自由激子的紫外发光峰仍然存在.     

n+11B反应的理论计算和分析

在统一的豪泽–费许巴赫理论和激子模型的基础上,利用光学模型来处理中子诱发轻核核反应的一种新理论已经产生.利用这一新理论,对当入射中子En≤20MeV时n+¹¹B反应的所有反应截面,出射中子和α粒子的双微分截面进行了计算.通过比较理论计算的各种截面,出射中子总的双微分截面与实验数据,可以认为这一理论模型处理轻核核反应是很成功的.     

Senepodines B-E, new C22N2 alkaloids from Lycopodium chinense

Four new C₂₂N₂Lycopodium alkaloids, senepodines B-E (2-5), consisting of an octahydroquinoline ring and a quinolizidine ring have been isolated together with senepodine A (1) from the club moss Lycopodium chinense. The relative and absolute stereochemistry of 2-5 were determined by combination of NOESY correlations and chemical transformation, while the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by exciton chirality method.     

Factors influencing entanglement of two excitons in a coupled exciton-photon system

The relation between the excitonic purity and the concurrence in a system of two coupled large semiconduction quantum dots mediated by a single-mode cavity field is investigated by using linear entropy theory. The results show the difference in describing two modes of excitonic entanglement between linear entropy and concurrence. The relation between nonclassical property of cavity field and the entanglement degree of excitons is also discussed. The results show that two modes of exciton can reach maximal entanglement when the cavity exhibits an antibunching effect.     

高阶非线性对双折射光纤中亮孤子成形的影响

本文采用拉格朗日近似方法讨论了高阶非线性对双折射光纤中亮孤子传输特性的影响，给出了计入五阶非线性时入射到双折射光纤中的光脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的阈值条件。研究结果表明，与不计入高阶非线性的情形相比，正的高阶非线性减小入射脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的振幅阈值；负的高阶非线性的存在，不仅提高了入射脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的振幅阈值，而且还存在着入射脉冲演化成束缚亮弧子对的振幅上界。     

Luminescence centers in Sc2O3

Sc₂O₃ luminescence spectra are studied. The spectra are separated into elementary bands by the Alentsev–Fock method. It is established that the luminescence spectra consist of a number of overlapping bands with maxima at 3.5; 3.05; 2.65; 2.35, and 2.05 eV. The band at 3.5 eV is interpreted as emission of self-localized excitons, and the other bands, as defect-center recombination. L’vov State University, 50, Dragomanov St., L’vov, 290005, Ukraine. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 776–778, November–December, 1997.     

Solving sum-of-ratios fractional programs using efficient points

Constrained maximization of a sum of p1 ratios is a difficult nonconvex optimization problem (even if all functions involved are linear) with many applications in management sciences. In this paper, we first give a brief introductory survey of this problem. Then we propose a general branch-and-bound algorithm which uses rectangular partitions in the Euclidean space of dimension p. Theoretically, this algorithm is applicable under very general assumptions. Practically, we give an efficient implementation for fine fractions. Here the bounding procedures use dual constructions and the calculation of efficient points of a corresponding multiple-objective optimization problem. Finally, we present some promising numerical results