聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯在纳米氧化铝表面的吸附和氢键作用

研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)在纳米氧化铝表面的吸附行为, 采用透射红外光谱研究了吸附的PMMA中的羰基和纳米氧化铝表面羟基之间的氢键作用. 结果表明, PMMA在纳米氧化铝表面的吸附曲线为典型的Langmuir曲线, 饱和吸附值为1.2 mg/m2, 受氢键作用影响, 键合羰基在红外光谱中的吸收峰向低波数方向移动. 根据计算, 羰基的最大键合值(即含键合羰基的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单元的总质量)为0.36 mg/m2, 其余为自由羰基. 随着吸附量的增加, 羰基的键合比例逐渐降低. 吸附达到饱和时, 羰基键合比例为0.30, 说明PMMA主要以平铺的方式覆盖在纳米氧化铝的表面.     

Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction

A comprehensive review of the development of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors using quantum dots (QDs) as integrated components is presented. In contrast to a QD that is selectively introduced as a label, an integrated QD is one that is present in a system throughout a bioanalysis, and simultaneously has a role in transduction and as a scaffold for biorecognition. Through a diverse array of coatings and bioconjugation strategies, it is possible to use QDs as a scaffold for biorecognition events. The modulation of QD luminescence provides the opportunity for the transduction of these events via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), charge transfer quenching, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An overview of the basic concepts and principles underlying the use of QDs with each of these transduction methods is provided, along with many examples of their application in biological sensing. The latter include: the detection of small molecules using enzyme-linked methods, or using aptamers as affinity probes; the detection of proteins via immunoassays or aptamers; nucleic acid hybridization assays; and assays for protease or nuclease activity. Strategies for multiplexed detection are highlighted among these examples. Although the majority of developments to date have been in vitro, QD-based methods for ex vivo biological sensing are emerging. Some special attention is given to the development of solid-phase assays, which offer certain advantages over their solution-phase counterparts.     

球形GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs量子点中激子束缚能的变分法计算

用无限深势阱和有限深势阱2种模型,计算了激子束缚能与球形量子点半径的关系.计算结果表明：对于无限深势阱模型,量子点中激子束缚能随着量子点的半径增加而减小;对于有限深势阱模型,当量子点半径较小时,束缚能随着量子点的半径增加而增加;当量子点半径增加到一定值时,它的束缚能达到最大值,继续增加量子点半径,束缚能反而减少.这些计算结果对深入理解半导体量子点中激子的物理本质具有一定学术意义.     

激子效应对抛物量子点中光电导的影响

利用记忆函数方法研究了抛物量子点中的光电导,并导出了光电导的解析表达式.以典型的GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs抛物量子点为例作了数值计算,结果表明,在弱耦合区域,随着抛物势频率的增加,光电导会随之增强,而在强耦合区域,光电导会随之减弱;在弱耦合区域,随着抛物势频率的增加,光电导峰会向左漂移,而且抛物势频率越大,光电导曲线越不对称;考虑了激子效应后的光电导比未考虑激子效应的光电导大了10%以上.     

AlGaN/GaN抛物量子点的尺寸相关三阶非线性极化率研究

在有效质量近似框架下,通过求解AlxGa1－xN/GaN自组织圆柱形量子点的薛定谔方程,计算了量子点中导带电子在两个正交方向：Z‖和Z⊥方向上产生的三阶非线性极化率.计算中,电子的运动受到自组织量子点的抛物型束缚势和内建压电场的影响.计算表明,量子点的三阶非线性极化率的数量级达到了10－14m2/V2.进一步在Z‖和Z⊥方向上,考察了三阶非线性极化率与两个方向上的抛物束缚势的频率ωp、ωz,量子点的高度L,半径R,Al的含量x之间的关系.     

量子点中磁激子的极化子效应

采用推广的LLP方法研究了自组织量子点中磁激子的极化子效应。考虑带电粒子和声子的相互作用,得到了激子能量随磁场的变化关系。结果表明,激子-声子的相互作用降低了激子的能量,但影响很小;极化子效应在没有外磁场时较明显,随着外磁场的增加,这种效应变得越来越弱。     

Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the States of Water in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions with Betaine Surfactant

A water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion was prepared with the zwitterionic surfactant dodecyl betaine (C₁₂BE), n-pentanol (C₅OH), n-heptane (C₇H₁₆) and water. Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different molecular weight on the state of water in w/o microemulsions at a given water/C₁₂BE molar ratio were investigated by FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results showed that addition of PVP resulted in an increase of the content of the bound water in water pool of a w/o microemulsion, but a decrease of the amount of the bulky water. The higher the molecular weight of PVP, the more bound water; and the less bulk water. The change of the trapped water was not obvious due to the interference of C₅OH.     

Exciton‐Vibrational Couplings in Homo‐ and Heterodimer Stacks of Perylene Bisimide Dyes within Cyclophanes: Studies on Absorption Properties and Theoretical Analysis

The optical properties of a series of three cyclophanes comprising either identical or different perylene bisimide (PBI) chromophores were studied by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and their distinctive spectral features were analyzed. All the investigated cyclophanes show significantly different absorption features with respect to the corresponding constituent PBI monomers indicating strong coupling interactions between the PBI units within the cyclophanes. DFT calculations suggest a π‐stacked arrangement of the PBI units at close van der Waals distance in the cyclophanes with rotational displacement. Simulations of the absorption spectra based on time‐dependent quantum mechanics properly reproduced the experimental spectra, revealing exciton‐vibrational coupling between the chromophores both in homo‐ and heterodimer stacks. The PBI cyclophane comprising two different PBI chromophores represents the first example of a PBI heterodimer stack for which the exciton coupling has been investigated. The quantum dynamics analysis reveals that exciton coupling in heteroaggregates is indeed of similar strength as for homoaggregates.     

n个零件在m台机器上加工有停歇时间的计划排序问题

本文就n个零件在m台机器上加工且在每两台机器加工时段之间存在停歇时段,以总加工时间最小为目标的排序问题当零件加工同顺序时进行讨论,给出了m=3时的分支——定界算法,是文[1]方法的推广。     

介电量子阱中激子的Stark效应

在考虑像势影响的情况下，利用变分的方法计算了垂直电场下无限深介电势阱中激子的结合能，得到了像势对激子结合能的修正随阱宽、电场强度以及阱垒介电函数之比的变化曲线，我们发现：考虑像势影响对激子结合能及其Ｓｔａｒｋ效应的修正是很有意义的，而且自像势和互像势对Ｓｔａｒｋ效应的影响是相反的。