Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions

The Middle Pliocene (ca 3.12–2.97 Ma) is a recent warm period in the Earth’s history. In many respects, the warmth of the Middle Pliocene is similar to the probable warm situation of the late 21st century predicted by climate models. Understanding the Middle Pliocene climate is important in predicting the future climate with global warming. Here, we used the latest reconstructions for the Middle Pliocene—Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 3—to simulate the Middle Pliocene ...     

1949-2008年热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次

为分析西北太平洋(含南中国海域)热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线影响频次的时间和空间分布规律,利用CMA提供的1949-2008年热带气旋最佳路径资料,采用统计和趋势分析等方法进行分析研究.结果表明,热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次存在较明显的盛衰周期性波动,其中盛期持续时间(6年左右)只有衰期持续时间(12年左右)的一半左右;每年8月西北太平洋热带气旋对中国沿海商船舫线的影响最为频繁,7月份所生成的热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线造成影响的可能性最大.热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响主要集中在海南至台湾海峡一带沿海水域,其中影响次数最多的为海南省以东18°N-21°N沿海水域,影响频次最高区域有明显的向北漂移的趋势.     

长航任务中舰艇官兵心理干预研究

当前,水面舰艇部队日益频繁地执行护航、出访、演习等航程跨度大、持续时间长的长航任务,随之而来的是舰艇官兵沉重的心理压力。舰艇官兵的心理症状和心理异常与其在长航任务中所受到的工作压力刺激的频率、突发事件刺激的强度、个体对压力和刺激事件的认知、应对方式以及群体的情感态度等有密切关系。要采取语言倾诉、认知疏导、群体关怀、音乐调节、自我调适等手段,对长航任务中的舰艇官兵进行全程不间断的心理干预。     

海南岛西部近岸海域碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学物源示踪及其地质意义

海南岛西部近岸海域海砂资源丰富、经济价值巨大,对其物质来源却缺乏系统研究。为解决这一科学问题,对海南岛西部近岸海域和昌化江入海口1 471粒碎屑锆石开展了U-Pb同位素年代学和微区元素地球化学研究。海南岛西部近岸海域年龄范围在3.45 Ga~82 Ma,具有99 Ma、241 Ma和252 Ma三个主要年龄峰值,以及113 Ma、155 Ma、325 Ma和357 Ma四个次要年龄峰值;昌化江入海口具有2.3 Ga~96 Ma的年龄范围,存在101 Ma、244 Ma和254 Ma三个主要年龄峰值,以及122 Ma、266 Ma、281 Ma、307 Ma和342 Ma四个次要年龄峰值。研究表明:①海南岛西部近岸海域沉积物以具有~99 Ma的显著年龄峰,并缺乏晋宁期、加里东期和喜山期年龄峰为识别标志,海南岛应是其主要物源区;②海南岛西部近岸海域与昌化江沉积物年龄峰值的差异,指示了海南岛西部近岸海域沉积物并非单纯来源于昌化江输入,也接受了琼西南部河流的物源贡献;③本次新识别出的380~310 Ma年龄群,可作为昌化江流域物源识别标志;④本次碎屑锆石年龄频谱特征与海南岛经历的多次重要地质事件相吻合,有助于了解海南岛复杂的地质演化历史。     

Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Sea Water after Extraction Using Electrothermal Atomisation. Minimisation of Interferences from Co-Extracted Sea Salts

Abstract

Interferences from small amounts of sea salt in the determination of cadmium and lead were investigated. Test samples were made to mimic solutions obtained after extraction of sea water for trace metal analysis. Sea salt concentrations in the range 0–400 mg/l were investigated. Background absorption from this salt was high but easily minimised through the addition of nitric acid (2 % v/v). Sensitivity reductions due to the salt were considerable and varied from one graphite tube to the other. This problem was overcome by the addition of 1000 mg lanthanum per litre of sample. The positive effect of the lanthanum matrix modification is thought to be due to a change of the graphite tube surface.     

Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current

Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ’) in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans.     

工业废渣对海泥烧结砖泛霜程度影响的试验

研究两种不同特性工业废渣铁尾矿、粉煤灰对海泥烧结多孔砖样品泛霜程度的影响及机理.结果表明:铁尾矿减轻海泥烧结砖泛霜程度的有利因素多,粉煤灰提高海泥烧结砖泛霜程度的不利因素多.此外,掺加外加剂可以在某种程度上降低海泥烧结砖的泛霜等级;当掺量达到某一范围时,能够较大幅度减少砖坯成型用水量,烧成中产生液相的非瘠性工业废渣-铁...     

Sea surface temperature east of Australia： A predictor of tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific？

The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific (WNPTCF) is analyzed by use of observation data.The WNPTCF from June to October is correlated negatively to spring SST east of Australia.When the spring SST is in the positive phase,a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere prevail over the western North Pacific from June to October,concurrent with an anomalous atmospheric subsidence and an enlarged vertical zonal wind shear.These conditions are unfavorable for tropical cyclone genesis,and thus WNPTCF decreases.The negative phase of the spring SST east of Australia leads to more tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.The spring SST east of Australia may give rise to simultaneous change in tropical atmospheric circulation via the teleconnection wave train,and then subsequently affect atmospheric circulation variation over the western North Pacific.     

Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera

Saponins are plant and marine animal specific metabolites that are commonly considered as molecular vectors for chemical defenses against unicellular and pluricellular organisms. Their toxicity is attributed to their membranolytic properties. Modifying the molecular structures of saponins by quantitative and selective chemical reactions is increasingly considered to tune the biological properties of these molecules (i) to prepare congeners with specific activities for biomedical applications and (ii) to afford experimental data related to their structure–activity relationship. In the present study, we focused on the sulfated saponins contained in the viscera of Holothuria scabra, a sea cucumber present in the Indian Ocean and abundantly consumed on the Asian food market. Using mass spectrometry, we first qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the saponin content within the viscera of H. scabra. We detected 26 sulfated saponins presenting 5 different elemental compositions. Microwave activation under alkaline conditions in aqueous solutions was developed and optimized to quantitatively and specifically induce the desulfation of the natural saponins, by a specific loss of H₂SO₄. By comparing the hemolytic activities of the natural and desulfated extracts, we clearly identified the sulfate function as highly responsible for the saponin toxicity.     

利用伪速度方法压制浅海鬼波

采用基于用传统方法获取的海上单分量地震资料, 估算出同一位置速度的垂直分量(伪速度), 再与单分量压力数据联合, 达到压制鬼波的目的。将稀疏约束的反卷积方法作为鬼波压制的关键环节, 使得在浅海环境下, 由海水表面引起的检波器端上、下行波干涉产生的陷波问题得到改善, 同时低频能量得到增强, 提高了数据的分辨率。该方法可用于海上单分量压力数据的再处理, 拓宽数据的频带范围。