山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的临床诊疗

分析了某羊场发生山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的发病情况、临床症状、解剖变化，针对山羊胚胎移植手术前后的临床表现，提出了山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的预防治疗方案，使该群羊的发病、死亡率得到了有效制，提高了羊胚胎移植的成活率。     

The Improved Milk Quality and Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT) Overexpressed Goats: An Association with the Elevated Endogenous Melatonin Production

Background: Transgenic animal production is an important means of livestock breeding and can be used to model pharmaceutical applications. Methods: In this study, to explore the biological activity of endogenously produced melatonin, Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT)-overexpressed melatonin-enriched dairy goats were successfully generated through the use of pBC1-ASMT expression vector construction and prokaryotic embryo microinjection. Results: These transgenic goats have the same normal phenotype as the wild-type goats (WT). However, the melatonin levels in their blood and milk were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, the quality of their milk was also improved, showing elevated protein content and a reduced somatic cell number compared to the WT goats. No significant changes were detected in the intestinal microbiota patterns between groups. When the animals were challenged by the intravenous injection of E. coli, the ASMT-overexpressed goats had a lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to the WT goats. Metabolic analysis uncovered a unique arachidonic acid metabolism pattern in transgenic goats. Conclusions: The increased melatonin production due to ASMT overexpression in the transgenic goats may have contributed to their improved milk quality and enhanced the anti-inflammatory ability compared to the WT goats.     

山羊INHA和INHBA基因的cDNA克隆、序列分析及组织表达研究

分别提取处于同一发情周期的5只低繁藏山羊和5只高繁金堂黑山羊的卵巢、垂体的总RNA,并通过RT-PCR技术对INHA、INHBA基因cDNA进行克隆、序列分析,以Real-time PCR技术对其进行组织表达研究.结果表明:藏山羊和金堂黑山羊INHA基因编码区均长1083bp,编码360个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有7处碱基不同,并导致3处氨基酸的差异;INHBA基因编码区均长1278bp,编码425个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有4处碱基不同,并导致1处氨基酸的差异.藏山羊INHA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.4%、98.9%、95.8%、88.6%、81.0%、79.5%和84.8%;藏山羊INHBA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.7%、99.4%、98.1%、91.7%、88.0%、88.5%和91.2%.INHA和INHBA基因mRNA在两个山羊品种的卵巢、垂体中均有表达,但两品种间无显著性差异(P0.05).说明INHA和INHBA基因在动物进化中比较保守,与山羊多羔性状的相关性有待进一步研究.     

山羊挤奶机脉动器性能参数的研究

通过对奶山羊挤奶时的压力、挤奶频率的测试和分析,结果表明,较合适的山羊挤奶机脉动器的性能参数为:脉动频率f=62(1/分);脉动真空Va.=350(mm Hg柱高),节拍比PR=50%.     

Metabolomic Analysis and MRM Verification of Coarse and Fine Skin Tissues of Liaoning Cashmere Goat

One of the critical elements in evaluating the quality of cashmere is its fineness, but we still know little about how it is regulated at the metabolic level. In this paper, we use UHPLC–MS/MS detection and analysis technology to compare the difference in metabolites between coarse cashmere (CT_LCG) and fine cashmere (FT_LCG) skin of Liaoning cashmere goats. According to the data, under positive mode four metabolites were significantly up-regulated and seven were significantly down-regulated. In negative mode, seven metabolites were significantly up-regulated and fourteen metabolites were significantly down-regulated. The two groups’ most significant metabolites, Gly–Phe and taurochenodeoxycholate, may be crucial in controlling cashmere’s growth, development, and fineness. In addition, we enriched six KEGG pathways, of which cholesterol metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and bile secretion were enriched in positive and negative modes. These findings offer a new research idea for further study into the critical elements influencing cashmere’s fineness.     

美姑山羊体尺体重相关分析及生长曲线模型拟合

根据四川省凉山彝族自治州美姑县三岗种羊场的382只美姑山羊出生后各月龄的体重及体尺记载资料,采用SPSS19.0对公、母羊主要生长性状进行了显著性比较和相关性分析,对Gompertz、Bertalanffy和Logistic 3种生长拟合模型的体重增长曲线拟合度进行了比较分析,对美姑山羊生长曲线选择了较为适宜的拟合方程,旨在为合理利用美姑山羊种质资源和选种繁育提供依据。结果表明:(1)美姑山羊公羊3月龄体重、6月龄体重、8月龄体重、周岁体重都极显著高于母羊同时期体重;性别对山羊体重的影响很大。(2)相关性分析结果表明,在控制变量体高和体长,体重与胸围具有显著性差异;而控制体高和胸围或控制体长和胸围后,体重与体长或体高差异均不显著。R2为0.977,所以体重可以用胸围通过方程表示,回归方程:Y=1.114x-48.174,其中Y为体重(kg);x代表胸围(cm)。真实值与预测值差异在3.564 kg之内。(3)选用Gompertz、Bertalanffy和Logistic等3种非线性生长模型分别对美姑山羊公羊母羊生长进行拟合,公羊生长曲线最佳模型选择Logistic:W=53.94×(1+2.74e-0.106t)-1;母羊生长曲线最佳模型选择Gompertz:W=50.15×e~(-1.44exp(-0.023t))。     

四川黑山羊品种(群体)的RAPD标记研究

从5组24个随机引物中筛选出16个重复性好的多态引物,对四川9个黑山羊品种(群体)共计572只个体,进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记研究.结果表明,16个引物扩增出125条带,其中102条带呈现多态,多态率为81.61%.不同引物扩增出的DNA片段在各品种(群体)中的分布频率不同.9个黑山羊品种(群体)间相似系数为0.7533～0.9642,遗传距离指数为0.0358～0.2467.引物OPQ-06(序列为GAGCGCCTTG)未在乐至黑山羊中扩增出900bpDNA片段,而在其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)中出现率均为1,可作为区分乐至黑山羊和其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)的分子遗传标记.引物OPK-03(序列为CCAGCTTAGG)未在江安黑山羊扩增出550bpDNA片段,在其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)中出现率均为1,可用于区分江安黑山羊和其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)的分子遗传标记.     

成都麻羊NSTN基因的克隆测序

根据得克萨斯山羊MSTN基因序列设计引物,并进行PCR扩增,克隆成都麻羊肌肉生成抑制素(MSTN)基因exon1、部分intron1、exon2、部分intron2、exon3及部分intron3,通过DNAman生物软件分析获得MSTN完全编码序列.研究结果,成都麻羊MSTN编码序列含1128个碱基,编码含375个氨基酸的蛋白,编码序列最后三个碱基为终止密码子.exon1全长372bp,翻译第1～124个氨基酸;exon2全长375bp,翻译第125～249个氨基酸;exon3全长381bp,翻译第250～375个氨基酸.成都麻羊MSTN基因exon1变异程度最大,次之为exon2,exon3变异程度最小.     

成都麻羊屠宰性状测定

通过对成年成都麻羊母羊(n=14)和六月龄母羊(n=5)的屠宰性状测定,结果显示,成年成都麻羊母羊宰前活重为31.31±2.10kg,胴体重为14.68±1.52kg,屠宰率为51.36±2.24%,净肉重为12.15±1.32kg,净肉率为38.8±1.49%.六月龄母羊的宰前活重为16.20±0.43kg,胴体重为7.00±0.41kg,净肉重为5.2±0.32kg,屠宰率和净肉率分别为43.20±1.32%和32.10±1.02%.成年成都麻羊宰前活重与胴体重和净肉重的回归方程分别为y1=0.271x 5.288和y2=0.132x 5.812.     

波尔山羊冷冻精液稀释液配方研究

实验采集三头波尔山羊种公羊精液,比较三种精液(A.葡萄糖-柠檬酸钠-卵黄;B.葡萄糖-柠檬酸钠-乙二胺四乙酸-卵黄;C.乳糖-卵黄)冷冻保存稀释液配方对颗粒冻精解冻效果,以及测定解冻后精子活力,结果表明:C稀释液解冻后精子的存活率平均为35.4%,优于A和B液呈现显著差异或极显著差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),而且C液的解冻后的存活时间为58.75h,高于A和B液,差异极显著(P＜0.01).结论:C的稀释液配方是最优的颗粒解冻配方.