Isolation,Diversity and Characterization of Ulvan-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Marine Environments

In this study, we aimed to isolate bacteria capable of degrading the polysaccharide ulvan from the green algae Ulva sp. (Chlorophyta, Ulvales, Ulvaceae) in marine environments. We isolated 13 ulvan-degrading bacteria and observed high diversity at the genus level. Further, the genera Paraglaciecola, Vibrio, Echinicola, and Algibacter, which can degrade ulvan, were successfully isolated for the first time from marine environments. Among the 13 isolates, only one isolate (Echinicola sp.) showed the ability not only to produce externally expressed ulvan lyase, but also to be periplasmic or on the cell surface. From the results of the full-genome analysis, lyase was presumed to be a member of the PL25 (BNR4) family of ulvan lyases, and the bacterium also contained the sequence for glycoside hydrolase (GH43, GH78 and GH88), which is characteristic of other ulvan-degrading bacteria. Notably, this bacterium has a unique ulvan lyase gene not previously reported.     

泡沫灭火剂热老化机理研究

水成膜泡沫灭火剂在长期储存过程中存在由于老化而导致性能下降的问题。为了研究泡沫灭火剂的老化降解机理,分别在60℃和90℃下对灭火剂进行加速热老化192 h,研究了灭火剂在老化前后的性能变化;采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS),通过灭火剂在老化前后的离子流变化分析了碳氢表面活性剂的降解情况;采用核磁共振氢谱法(¹H NMR)定量分析了不同pH环境对碳氢表面活性剂稳定性的影响。结果表明：在60℃和90℃下加速热老化192 h后,泡沫灭火剂的发泡倍率明显下降,pH值显著升高,表面张力未发生明显变化;在90℃下热老化192 h后,烷基链长度在C₁₂以下的碳氢表面活性剂发生了明显降解,烷基链长度为C₁₄和C₁₆的碳氢表面活性剂相对稳定;在90℃下热老化192 h后,糖苷类表面活性剂在酸性和碱性环境下的降解率大于中性环境,甜菜碱类表面活性剂在碱性环境下的降解率大于酸性和中性环境,因此在实际应用时应避免添加导致体系pH大幅升高的组分。     

用于提高油田采收率的聚合物降解与防护

聚合物驱油是目前工业化应用程度最高的提高采收率三次采油方法,注入溶液的性能指标直接影响聚合物的增油效果,聚合物溶液的降解和防护已引起石油科技工作者的广泛关注。通过大量的室内实验和现场试验对聚合物驱油可能引起的机械降解、化学降解和生物降解进行了详细分析,对如何做好聚合物溶液降解的防护提出了可操作性的措施,在胜利油田应用后取得了预期的聚合物粘度保护效果,这对我国高含水油田聚合物驱油的广泛推广应用具有重要的现实意义。     

喹诺酮类抗生素在水环境中降解和吸附影响因素

抗生素污染会对水生态系统和人类健康产生风险,其在水环境中的主要迁移转化途径为吸附和降解,环境条件直接影响抗生素在水环境中的残留水平.为进一步确定抗生素在水环境中降解和吸附行为的影响因素,以喹诺酮类抗生素为例,在建立高效液相色谱-质谱法测试喹诺酮类抗生素的基础上,通过单一变量实验研究介质粒径、水环境pH和初始浓度对氧氟沙...     

Rapid reductive degradation of azo dyes by a unique structure of amorphous alloys

An Fe-based amorphous alloy was found to significantly enhance the reductive degradation of an azo dye in aqueous solution. The surface-area normalized rate constant was up to 2.0 L m-2 min-1 at room temperature,an order of magnitude larger than any previously reported value. The activation energy of the degradation process was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation,and a much lower value than those previously reported was obtained. Valence band measurement indicated that a depressed valence band maximum and a widened empty band were established in the amorphous ribbon. The unique structure of the amorphous alloy is important-it may reduce the activation energy of the degradation process and enhance the activity of the electrons,thus accelerating the degradation process.     

Comparison of the growth and degradation of poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) brushes

The growth and degradation of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) brushes were compared. Using tin (octanoate) as the catalyst, optimal conditions were found for growth of each polyester brush from the hydroxy‐terminated silicon surface via ring‐opening polymerization. PCL brushes grew thicker at elevated temperatures but the thickest PGA brushes grew at room temperature. Unlike bulk polyesters that can degrade under both acidic and basic conditions, the confined surface polyester brushes only degraded under neutral or basic conditions. The degradation mechanism of grafted polyester brushes was probed through a blocking test. It was shown that the terminal hydroxy groups of these polyester brushes were essential to the degradation process indicating a preferential backbiting mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 4643–4649     

纳米ZnO电极的制备及光电催化降解苯酚的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO粉体,通过X射线衍射和透射电镜研究了纳米ZnO粉体的结构和形貌。XRD和TEM测试表明,所制备的ZnO粉体,具有六方晶系纤锌矿结构,晶粒平均线性粒径约为30 nm。以涂覆法制备纳米ZnO电极,考察外加电压、电极间距离和支持电解质浓度对苯酚降解率的影响。结果表明:在室温(20℃)下,外加电压2.0 V、电极间距离为0.60 cm、支持电解质Na2SO4的浓度为0.070 mol/L时,苯酚的降解率可达70%。动力学研究表明,苯酚降解反应为一级反应。     

耐盐基因工程菌降解偶氮染料特性研究

研究通过将耐盐基因BADH转入大肠杆菌E.ColiBL21构建耐盐基因工程菌,并考察了盐度、诱导剂对其生长的影响;探索pH值、温度、染料浓度对降解酸性红B的影响。实验结果表明,基因工程菌的耐盐性较E.ColiBL21有很大提高;降解酸性红B的最适条件为pH=6.5,温度为35℃;在10%(质量分数)盐度条件下,基因工程菌对5种偶氮染料的降解效果均好于E.ColiBL21。     

注采水样微生物群落与高凝原油的相互作用

在高凝油藏开发过程中,原油易在孔隙中析蜡、发生胶质和沥青质沉积等。研究不同水驱环境中内源微生物群落及其与高凝油的相互作用关系,以河南魏岗油田高凝油藏产出水样为研究对象,优选最佳激活体系;通过微生物驱油物理模拟实验考察内源微生物提高采收率情况,研究激活前后内源微生物的群落变化以及原油组分、性质的变化。结果表明:注采水样中微生物群落差异明显,内源微生物被激活后优势菌为芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp)和梭菌(Clostridium ultunense)等,原油乳化分散等级最高可达5级,微生物提高采收率最高为12.51%;凝点最多降低5℃,蜡含量降低3.95%以上,同时多环芳烃萘、菲及其同系物等降解较为明显;不同水驱环境中内源微生物在驱油、原油降解等过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管器件的可靠性及退化机制研究进展

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管（high electron mobility transistor,HEMT）器件在航天、通讯、雷达、电动汽车等领域具有广泛的应用,近年来成为电力电子器件的研究热点。在实际应用中,GaN基HEMT器件随着使用时间的延长会发生退化甚至失效的情况,器件的可靠性问题仍是进一步提高HEMT器件应用的绊脚石。因此,研究器件的可靠性及退化机制对于进一步优化器件性能具有极其重要的意义。将从影响器件可靠性的几个关键因素如高电场应力、高温存储、高温电场和重离子辐照等进行阐述,主要对近几年文献里报道的几种失效机制及相应的失效现象进行了综述和总结,最后讨论了进一步优化器件可靠性的措施,对进一步提高HEMT器件的应用起促进作用。