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41.
In beam injection flame furnace AAS (BIFF-AAS) the sample is introduced as a free-flying high-speed liquid beam into an AAS flame-heated nickel tube, resulting in a considerable improvement in the power of detection. For optimization of beam generation different nozzle types (smooth jet nozzles, turbulent working nozzles) have been compared at different pressures. It was found that the type of the nozzle hardly influences the analytical signal. However, the flow rates resulting from the different inner diameters of the nozzles and the applied pressures led to drastic changes in the analytical signal. For these investigations a recently developed 0.6 MPa (84 psig) diaphragm pump system was used. Furthermore, for the first time ever sub-critical liquid carbon dioxide has been used simultaneously as a liquid gas-pressure pump, as carrier in a flow-injection system (FIA), and for the beam generation. Transport of the carrier takes place as a result of the head pressure (6 MPa) of the liquid CO2 in the gas cylinder. For volatile elements (e.g. Cd, Hg, Pb, and Tl) detection limits between 0.2 µg L–1 (Cd) and 28 µg L–1 (Hg) were found, the standard deviation was from 0.6% to 3.2% depending on the element, concentration, and sample volume used. The use of liquid CO2 as a carrier in FIA systems opens up new possibilities for online sample pretreatment and trace preconcentration. 相似文献
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P. Karvonen T. Sonoda I. D. Moore J. Billowes A. Jokinen T. Kessler H. Penttilä A. Popov B. Tordoff J. Äystö 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2007,150(1):283-284
The ion guide technique was developed in Jyv?skyl? during the early 1980's. In the ion guide the reaction recoil products
are stopped and thermalized in high purity helium gas where they remain ionic due to high ionization potential of helium atoms.
Different designs of ion guide exist for light-ion induced fusion reactions, for heavy-ion induced fusion and for proton induced
fission. Although the IGISOL method is fast and universal it is chemically unselective and in many cases relatively inefficient.
In order to address these deficiencies in the technique, a new laser ion source project, FURIOS (Fast Universal Resonant laser
Ion
Source), commenced in 2004. In addition, resonance ionization spectroscopy has been tested off – line within a sextupole ion
beam
guide. 相似文献
45.
W. R. Plaß T. Dickel M. Petrick D. Boutin Z. Di T. Fleckenstein H. Geissel C. Jesch C. Scheidenberger Z. Wang 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2007,150(1):367-368
A novel system consisting of RF quadrupole and time-of-flight sections
is proposed, in which ions can be cooled, bunched, mass separated with a resolution sufficient to
differentiate between isobars, and guided to different experimental setups, e.g. for precision mass
measurements or mass-resolved decay spectroscopy. It enables multiplexed operation of
several connected experiments and interleaved measurements using different nuclides in one connected experiment.
Such a system could be employed advantageously at in-flight facilities, at which experiments with stopped
exotic nuclei are made possible using gas-filled stopping cells, such as SHIPTRAP at GSI, or potentially
at ISOL facilities. First results for individual stages of the system are presented. 相似文献
46.
Laser induced backside wet etching combined with the diffractive gray tone phase mask has been used for the fabrication of a micro-lens array with a single lens diameter of 1 mm and a micro-prism in quartz. The micro-lens array was tested as beam homogenizer for high power XeCl excimer laser yielding a clear improvement in the quality of the laser beam.The optimum fluence range for fabrication of micro-lenses by laser induced backside wet etching using 1.4 M pyrene in THF solution and 308 nm irradiation wavelength is 1-1.6 J/cm2. The etching mechanisms of LIBWE are based on a combination of pressure and temperature jumps at quartz-liquid interface. 相似文献
47.
Y.M. Zhao J.Y. Zhang K.W. Liu C.X. Shan B. Yao B.H. Li D.Z. Shen 《Applied Surface Science》2007,253(24):9319-9322
We report the growth of cubic MgxZn1−xO alloy thin films on quartz by electron beam evaporation. It can be found that all the samples have sharp absorption edges by the absorption measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the MgxZn1−xO films are cubic phase with preferred orientation along the (1 1 1) direction. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) demonstrates that the Mg concentration in MgxZn1−xO films is much higher than the ceramic target used, and the composition can be tuned in a small scope by varying the substrate temperature and the beam electric current. The reasons of this phenomenon are also discussed. 相似文献
48.
An approximate analytical propagation formula of the elliptical Gaussian beams through a paraxial ABCD optical system with a circular aperture is obtained on the basis of the expansion of a hard-edged aperture into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions. And the parameter characteristics of the truncated beams including the beam propagation factor and the kurtosis parameter are also studied in detail by using the second-order-moments method. 相似文献
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The main purpose of this paper is to complete the works presented by Andrieux and Varé (2002) and El Arem et al. (2003) by taking into account the effects of shearing in the constitutive equations of a beam cracked section in bi-axial flexure. The paper describes the derivation of a lumped cracked beam model from the three-dimensional formulation of the general problem of elasticity with unilateral contact conditions on the crack lips. Properties of the potential energy and convex analysis are used to reduce the three-dimensional computations needed for the model identification, and to derive the final form of the elastic energy that determines the nonlinear constitutive equations of the cracked transverse section. We aim to establish a relation of behavior between the applied forces and the resulting displacements field vectors, which is compatible with the beams theory in order to allow the model exploitation for shafts dynamics analysis. The approach has been applied to the case of a cracked beam with a single crack covering the half of its circular cross section. 相似文献