Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of poly(MMA–co–BA)/ZnO nanocomposites with enhanced physical properties

The present study reports synthesis and characterization of poly(MMA–co–BA)/ZnO nanocomposites using ultrasound-assisted in-situ emulsion polymerization. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was copolymerized with butyl acrylate (BA), for enhanced ductility of copolymer matrix, in presence of nanoscale ZnO particles. Ultrasound generated strong micro-turbulence in reaction mixture, which resulted in higher encapsulation and uniform dispersion of ZnO (in native form – without surface modification) in polymer matrix, as compared to mechanical stirring. The nanocomposites were characterized for physical properties and structural morphology using standard techniques such as XRD, FTIR, particle size analysis, UV–Visible spectroscopy, electrical conductivity, TGA, DSC, FE-SEM and TEM. Copolymerization of MMA and BA (in presence of ZnO) followed second order kinetics. Thermal stability (T_10% = 324.9 °C) and glass transition temperature (T_g = 67.8 °C) of poly(MMA-co-BA)/ZnO nanocomposites showed significant enhancement (35.1 °C for 1 wt% ZnO and 15.7 °C for 4 wt% ZnO, respectively), as compared to pristine poly(MMA–co–BA). poly(MMA–co–BA)/ZnO (5 wt%) nanocomposites possessed the highest electrical conductivity of 0.192 μS/cm and peak UV absorptivity of 0.55 at 372 nm. Solution rheological study of nanocomposites revealed enhancement in viscosity with increasing ZnO loading. Maximum viscosity of 0.01 Pa-s was obtained for 5 wt% ZnO loading.     

包覆Fe2O3超微粒的苯乙烯/丙烯酸/丙烯酸丁酯核-壳型复合共聚物的性能研究

对采用种子乳液聚合法合成的包覆Fe₂O₃超微粒的苯乙烯/丙烯酸/丙烯酸丁酯(St/AA/BA)核-壳型复合共聚物材料进行玻璃化温度测试,结果表明,加入Fe₂O₃超微粒,使复合共聚物的玻璃化温度显著降低.对复合共聚物的流变行为研究表明,复合共聚物的非牛顿指数均小于1,且随着Fe₂O₃含量增加,非牛顿性增强,表观粘度下降,粘流活化能降低.     

具有适应度的无标度网络

提出了一个具有适应度的无标度网络模型。每个时间间隔,网络以概率p增加一个新点,并以适应度择优选择m个旧点与新点连接,产生m条新边;以概率1-p按度数择优的规则在旧点之间生成m条新边。对于一些特定的节点适应度的概率密度函数ρ（x）和率函数f（x,y）,该网络的度分布具有幂律尾部,且幂律指数2〈γ〈＋∞。     

High-Solids Content Waterborne Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites

Summary: Waterborne polymer clay nanocomposites (WPCN) were prepared by emulsion and miniemulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate with enhanced mechanical, thermal and barrier properties for coating applications. Emulsion polymerization was used to synthesize WPCN using pristine Na-MMT (sodium montmorillonite) and miniemulsion polymerization to prepare the WPCNs when the pristine clay was organically modified and hence its incorporation into the polymerization loci was not guaranteed by the conventional emulsion polymerization technique. Both techniques allowed preparing stable nanocomposite latexes of BA/MMA copolymers with partially exfoliated morphologies as demonstrated by wide X-ray difraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. Furthermore, latexes with solids contents up to 45 wt% and manageable viscosities were prepared for the first time using seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization.     

Butanol production using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 hyper-butanol producing mutant strain and recovery by pervaporation

Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 (mutant strain) and C. beijerinckii 8052 (wild type) were compared for substrate and butanol inhibition. The wild-type strain is more strongly inhibited by added butanol than is the mutant strain. Acetone and butanol were removed from a fed-batch reactor inoculated with C. beijcrinckii BA101 by pervaporation using a silicone membrane. In the batch reactor, C. beijerinckii BA101 produced 25.3 g/L of total solvents, whereas in the fermentation-recovery experiment it produced 165.1 g/L of total solvents. Solvent productivity increased from 0.35 (batch reactor) to 0.98 g/L·h (fed-batch reactor). The fed-batch reactor wasfed with 500 g/L of glucose-based P2 medium. Acetone selectivities ranged from 2 to 10 whereas butanol selectivities ranged from 7 to 19. Total flux varied from 26 to 31 g/m²·h.     

Kinetic study of high-conversion copolymerization of butyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate in solution

Butyl acrylate (BA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) have been copolymerized in a 3 mol/L benzene solution using 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as initiator over a wide composition and conversion range. The overall copolymerization parameter k_p/k_t^1/2 and the composition of the copolymer formed have been measured as a function of conversion. Theoretical values of the coupled parameter k_p/k_t^1/2 calculated from the implicit penultimate unit model and those of cumulative copolymer composition, determined from the Mayo—Lewis terminal model, have been correlated with those experimentally obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 1961–1965, 1997     

随机网络的马氏链模型

本文给出一种严格的数学模型描述随机网络,该模型与BA模型有相同的边际分布和边界条件。我们不但给出模型的边际分布,也给出所有多维联合分布,并且构造出概率空间使得这个新模型可以看作其上的图值马氏链。     

BA指数网络结构特性精确计算

度分布和平均路径长度是复杂网络的两个重要结构特性.对于随机增长的网络,其平均路径长度一般主要通过计算机模拟给出数值结果,尚无一个普适的解析计算方法.为此首先利用主方程的方法对BA随机指数网络的度分布进行解析推导,与Barabási等的结果相比所得度分布与计算机模拟值更接近.然后对BA随机指数网络和BA确定性指数网络的平均路径长度进行解析计算,所得结果与经典的ER随机图相似,即平均路径长度以网络大小的对数形式增长.此外,对BA随机指数网络平均路径长度的模拟值与解析计算结果相吻合.最后,对BA确定性指数网络的度分布与直径进行了解析计算,并对两个网络的结构特性作了比较.比较结果表明,BA随机指数网络和BA确定性指数网络的结构性质虽然存在量上的差异,但从定性角度来说,其拓扑结构是相同的.     

一种改进的变步长自适应蝙蝠算法及其应用

提出一种变步长自适应BA算法，该算法在一定程度上可以避免算法过早陷入局部最优，且步长随迭代次数的增加而自适应地调整，从而使算法在后期获得精度更高的解；运用6个标准测试函数进行实验，结果表明，与BA算法相比，该算法的收敛速度及精度均有明显提高．     

影响大岩桐试管块茎形成的若干因素

对大岩桐试管块茎形成的若干因素进行了研究．结果表明,外植体类型、碳源种类、光照条件以及BA浓度对大岩桐试管块茎形成具有明显影响．以叶为外植体比顶芽更有利于块茎的形成;食用白糖可代替蔗糖促进块茎的形成,从而可以大大降低生产成本;全光照条件更有利于块茎的形成;而BA则会抑制大岩桐试管块茎的形成．