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991.
992.
用电化学方法制备Ag@Ag Br/Ni表面等离子体薄膜电极,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构、光吸收特性进行了表征,在负偏压和可见光作用下,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性进行了测定,采用电化学技术和向溶液中加入活性物种捕获剂的方法对薄膜光电催化降解机理进行了探索。结果表明:最佳工艺下制备的Ag@Ag Br/Ni膜电极是由表面沉积纳米Ag的纳米晶Ag Br颗粒构成的薄膜,具有显著的表面等离子共振效应。薄膜具有优异的光电催化活性和良好的催化稳定性,在最佳负偏压和可见光照射下反应12 min,薄膜光电催化罗丹明B(c=5 mg·L~(-1))的降解率是多孔Ti O2(P25)/ITO纳米薄膜的10.2倍。相对于未加偏压的光催化,降解率提高了2.0倍;在保持薄膜光催化活性基本不变的前提下可循环使用5次。电极表面纳米Ag粒子的等离子体共振对于光阴极反应(导带反应)的活化作用是光电催化活性提高的重要原因。提出了负偏压下Ag@Ag Br/Ni表面等离子体薄膜光电催化降解罗丹明B的反应机理。 相似文献
993.
采用电化学方法制备Ag@AgI/Ni表面等离子体薄膜催化剂,使用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、光谱特性以及能带结构进行分析表征,在模拟太阳光照射下,把罗丹明B作为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性与稳定性进行评价,采用向反应体系中加入活性物种捕获剂的方法对薄膜光催化机理进行探究。结果表明:最佳工艺下制备的Ag@AgI/Ni薄膜表面是由附着少量Ag粒子的AgI纳米晶构成。薄膜具有显著的表面等离子共振作用、优异的光催化活性和突出的光催化稳定性。光催化反应60 min,薄膜对罗丹明B的降解率(81.1%)是AgI/Ni薄膜的1.35倍,是TiO_2(P25)/ITO薄膜的1.61倍。在薄膜光催化活性基本保持不变的前提下可循环使用5次。薄膜表面纳米Ag的等离子共振对光阴极反应的活化是光催化性能提高的重要原因。提出了薄膜光催化降解罗丹明B的反应机理。 相似文献
994.
995.
J. Fornell A. Concustell S. Suriñach W.H. Li N. Cuadrado A. Gebert M.D. Baró J. Sort 《International Journal of Plasticity》2009
Bulk metallic glass with composition Ti40Zr25Ni8Cu9Be18 exhibits considerably high compressive yield stress, significant plasticity (with a concomitant vein-like fracture morphology) and relatively low density. Yielding and intrinsic plasticity of this alloy are discussed in terms of its thermal and elastic properties. An influence of normal stresses acting on the shear plane is evidenced by: (i) the fracture angle (<45°) and (ii) finite-element simulations of nanoindentation curves, which require the use of a specific yield criterion, sensitive to local normal stresses acting on the shear plane, to properly match the experimental data. The ratio between hardness and compressive yield strength (constraint factor) is analyzed in terms of several models and is best adjusted using a modified expanding cavity model incorporating a pressure-sensitivity index defined by the Drucker–Prager yield criterion. Furthermore, comparative results from compression tests and nanoindentation reveal that deformation also causes strain softening, a phenomenon which is accompanied with the occurrence of serrated plastic flow and results in a so-called indentation size effect (ISE). A new approach to model the ISE of this metallic glass using the free volume concept is presented. 相似文献
996.
Hypersonic longitudinal sound velocities in five silicate and alumino-silicate liquids have been measured between 293 and 2550 K by Brillouin spectroscopy. Together with previous observations for four other glasses and liquids of the system SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO, these results are used to discuss changes in hypersonic velocities in three adjacent temperature domains, i.e., below, in, and above the glass transformation range. The temperature dependence of Brillouin velocities is consistent with the observed variations with temperature of viscosity, density, and mean heat capacity for the same three temperature domains. These variations of physical properties of alumino-silicate liquids are qualitatively in agreement with the Inherent Structure Theory for liquids. 相似文献
997.
A. Agnesi E. Piccinini G.C. Reali C. Solcia 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1997,65(2):303-305
Received: 27 May 1997/Revised version: 20 June 1997 相似文献
998.
For any monoid M, any universal variety contains arbitrarily large algebras
whose endomorphism monoid is isomorphic to M. A variety universal modulo a group
G contains arbitrarily large algebras whose endomorphism monoid is isomorphic to the
direct product M x G. One of the results of this
paper structurally characterizes all finitely generated varieties of distributive double
p-algebras universal modulo a group, and shows
that any unavoidable direct factor G is a Boolean group with at most eight elements. 相似文献
999.
If E is a vector space over a field K, then any regular symmetric bilinear form on E induces a polarity
on the lattice of all subspaces of E. In the particular case where E is 3-dimensional, the set of all subspaces M of E such that both M and
are not N-subspaces (which, in most cases, is equivalent to saying that M is nonisotropic), ordered by inclusion and endowed with the restriction of the above polarity, is an orthomodular lattice T(E, ). We show that if K is a proper subfield of K, with K F2, and E a 3-dimensional K -subspace of E such that the restriction of to E × E is, up to multiplicative constant, a bilinear form on the K -space E , then T(E , ) is isomorphic to an irreducible 3-homogeneous proper subalgebra of T(E, ). Our main result is a structure theorem stating that, when K is not of characteristic 3, the converse is true, i.e., any irreducible 3-homogeneous proper subalgebra of T(E, ) is of this form. As a corollary, we construct infinitely many finite orthomodular lattices which are minimal in the sense that all their proper subalgebras are modular. In fact, this last result was our initial aim in this paper.Received June 4, 2003; accepted in final form May 18, 2004. 相似文献
1000.
Let v be a valuation of terms of type , assigning to each term
t of type a value v(t) 0. Let
k 1 be a natural number. An identity
of type is called
k-normal
if either s = t or both
s and t have value
k, and otherwise is called non-k-normal. A
variety V of type is said to be k-normal if
all its identities are k-normal, and non-k-normal
otherwise. In the latter case, there is a unique smallest k-normal variety
to contain V , called the k-normalization of
V. Inthe case k = 1, for the usual depth valuation
of terms, these notions coincide with the well-known concepts of normal identity, normal variety, and
normalization of a variety. I. Chajda has characterized the normalization of a variety by means of choice algebras. In
this paper we generalize his results to a characterization of the k-normalization of
a variety, using k-choice algebras. We also introduce the concept of a
k-inflation algebra, and for the case that v is the
usual depth valuation of terms, we prove that a variety V is
k-normal iff it is closed under the formation of k-inflations,
and that the k-normalization of V consists
precisely of all homomorphic images of k-inflations of algebras in V . 相似文献