Axisymmetric frictionless contact of functionally graded materials

The main interest of this study is a new method to solve the axisymmetric frictionless contact problem of functionally graded materials (FGMs). Based on the fact that an arbitrary curve can be approached by a series of continuous but piecewise linear curves, the FGM is divided into a series of sub-layers with shear modulus varying linearly in each sub-layer and continuous at the sub-interfaces. With this model, the axisymmetric frictionless contact problem of a functionally graded coated half-space is investigated. By using the transfer matrix method and Hankel integral transform technique, the problem is reduced to a Cauchy singular integral equation. The contact pressure, contact region and indentation are calculated for various indenters by solving the equations numerically. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Coupled boundary element method and finite difference method for the heat conduction in laser processing

This paper is presented as a way to model transient heat conduction in a 3-D axisymmetric case where large rates of heat fluxes are applied on the surfaces as done in the case of laser processing. This would result in large temperature gradients in a small area irradiated by the laser on the incident surface that could also reach melting and subsequent vaporization. BEM can handle large fluxes very easily and it also can be formulated if needed to incorporate the moving boundary problem in a unique manner while on the other hand FDM is a fast and efficient method. For these reasons a coupled BEM–FDM method is formulated to simulate the heat conduction process. In the BEM method linear elements for the boundary and quadratic elements for the domain were used. The integrals in BEM were integrated in time using the asymptotic expansion for the modified Bessel functions in the Green’s function. To further improve the accuracy, special techniques were employed in the spatial integration. As for the FDM formulation, a flux conservation scheme with a 4th order formula for the fluxes was used. The FDM and BEM were coupled at the interface by the temperature from the FDM formulation being imposed on the BEM and the flux from the BEM being utilized by the FDM elements near to the interface. To advance in time, the Crank–Nicholson scheme was used on the FDM directly and due to coupling indirectly on the BEM. The relative errors for the simulation of constant and variable flux cases demonstrate the successful nature of the numerical model.     

An axisymmetric problem of an embedded mixed-mode crack in a functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic infinite medium

This paper investigates the problem of an axisymmetric penny shaped crack embedded in an infinite functionally graded magneto electro elastic medium. The loading consists of magnetoelectromechanical loads applied on the crack surfaces assumed to be magneto electrically impermeable. The material’s gradient is parallel to the axisymmetric direction and is perpendicular to the crack plane. An anisotropic constitutive law is adopted to model the material behavior. The governing equations are converted analytically using Hankel transform into coupled singular integral equations, which are solved numerically to yield the crack tip stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction intensity factors. A similar problem but with a different crack morphology, that is a plane crack embedded in an infinite functionally graded magneto electro elastic medium, was considered by the authors in a previous work (Rekik et al., 2012) [25]. While the overall solution schemes look similar, the axisymmetric problem resulted in more mathematical complexities and let to different conclusions with respect to the influence of coupling between elastic, electric and magnetic effects. The main focus of this paper is to study the effect of material non-homogeneity on the fields’ intensity factors to understand further the behavior of graded magnetoelectroelastic materials containing penny shaped cracks and to inspect the effect of varying the crack geometry.     

甲醇汽油在汽车发动机上的使用性能分析

以汽油机为研究对象,从发动机的功率、扭矩以及油耗率等外特性方面对添加了特殊性剂的M58甲醇汽油和90#无铅汽油进行了对比试验。通过试验发现,在发动机的中低转速下M58甲醇汽油具有良好的动力性,完全可以满足车辆正常行驶的需要。     

干涉型光纤传感器相位生成载波技术研究与改进

对干涉型光纤传感器的相位生成载波解调技术进行了研究.对PGC算法进行了数学推导和仿真计算,对数字低通滤波器进行了详细分析,给出了其影响PGC解调性能的原因及数字滤波器的设计方法.讨论了传感器干涉光强对PGC算法输出结果的影响,提出了改进的PGC算法,该算法可以有效的实现自动增益控制,消除干涉光强漂移对解调的影响,并大大减小由干涉光强引入的系统噪音;还可以在有限阶数低通滤波器的情况下,极大的增加系统可解调的大信号幅度,提高系统动态范围12 dB以上.     

A numerical scheme for the solution of axisymmetric radiative transfer problems in irregular domains filled by media with opaque and transparent diffuse and specular boundaries

This paper presents a new numerical scheme of the discrete ordinates method for the solution of axisymmetric radiative transfer problems in irregular domains filled by media with opaque and transparent diffuse and specular (Fresnel) boundaries and interfaces. New test problems of radiative transfer, which describe radiative transfer in domains with Fresnel interfaces, are proposed in this paper. These problems admit analytic solutions and can be used as benchmark ones. The proposed scheme is applied to the solution of the problems. Numerical results show that the presence of Fresnel interfaces leads to an appreciably larger error in numerical solution. This is connected with the “discontinuity” of the Fresnel reflectivity, which, through numerical diffusion, leads to the distortion of numerical solution. Modification of the scheme allows to reduce the numerical error.     

Auto CAD 绘图中的几种方法和技巧

通过教学实践，总结了ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ绘图中的几种简单、快捷、实用的技巧     

城镇勘测定界中运用Visual LISP语言快速制作宗地图

本文介绍了用Visual LISP语言编程在AutoCAD软件环境下快速制作宗地图,自动注记距离、面积、点号,并改线型、缩比例尺,充分运用子程序,减小文件字节,方便操作,提高效率。     

二维可压缩Euler方程组C^1解整体存在的必要条件

对于具有某类初值条件的二维可压缩流体Euler方程组，给出了其C1解整体存在的必要条件，从而对[1]、[2]中的“未解决问题”提供了有意义的说明．     

Non-swirling axisymmetric flow of the ω-D fluid

In this paper a constitutive equation for the extra stress tensor τ is considered, which can be used for steady axisymmetric flows when u _ϕ=0 (non-swirling). It is explicit with coefficients which, in case of incompressibility, depend only upon three invariants. As such it should prove useful in numerical calculations, especially so if used in its simplest form, namely the quasi-Newtonian fluid. Here, a purely viscous code can be used. The constitutive equation is self-consistent and receives additional justification from the fact that any constitutive equation is bound to result in the form proposed if the flow is a constant stretch history flow. Received: 30 March 1998 Accepted: 6 August 1998