Effects of frequency modulated tones and vowel formants on perioral muscle activity during isometric lip rounding

Two studies were conducted to assess the sensitivity of perioral muscles to vowel-like auditory stimuli. In one study, normal young adults produced an isometric lip rounding gesture while listening to a frequency modulated tone (FMT). The fundamental of the FMT was modulated over time in a sinusoidal fashion near the frequency ranges of the first and second formants of the vowels /u/ and /i/ (rate of modulation = 4.5 or 7 Hz). In another study, normal young adults produced an isometric lip rounding gesture while listening to synthesized vowels whose formant frequencies were modulated over time in a sinusoidal fashion to simulate repetitive changes from the vowel /u/ to /i/ (rate of modulation = 2 or 4 Hz). The FMTs and synthesized vowels were presented binaurally via headphones at 75 and 60 dB SL, respectively. Muscle activity from the orbicularis oris superior and inferior and from lip retractors was recorded with surface electromyography (EMG). Signal averaging and spectral analysis of the rectified and smoothed EMG failed to show perioral muscle responses to the auditory stimuli. Implications for auditory feedback theories of speech control are discussed.     

一种听觉显著图提取模型

本文基于人耳听觉特性提出了一种改进的自下而上听觉显著图提取模型.该模型根据人耳听觉系统对声音分频道处理以及声音信号时间方向的差异更能有效表征听觉显著性这两个特点进行显著图提取.首先对输入声音信号进行短时傅立叶变换(SFFT)得到声音信号的听觉图谱,然后重新划分频带并在各频带上采用一维高斯滤波器组进行不同尺度的时域滤波,再利用中心-周边差算子计算各频带的听觉显著度并进行跨尺度整和,最后将各频带的听觉显著度线性合并之后得到最终的听觉显著图.仿真实验的结果表明该模型提取的听觉显著图更准确.     

高浓度F~--Al~(3+)体系的热力学分析及氟的测定

设定了Visual minteq软件F~--Al~(3+)体系的物种及平衡常数。模拟滴定和实验滴定结果的相似性证明了软件设定的合理。对F-(0.01/0.1 mol/L)-Al~(3+)(0.02 mol/L)-OH-体系的模拟和分析表明,当F与Al摩尔比相差大时,体系平衡物种分布不同,OH-掩蔽铝的机理也不同,但是在p H值11~12铝都被成功掩蔽;不同的反应机理导致F与Al摩尔比大的体系模拟和滴定曲线差别较大。进一步模拟得到了此p H值区间的最大可掩蔽铝浓度。考虑OH-对氟离子电极的影响,最终确定高氟(0.01~0.1 mol/L)高铝体系氟的测定条件:控制p H值为(11.5±0.2),不大于0.02 mol/L的铝。误差分析表明,当电势测定误差较大时,标准曲线法比标准加入法误差小。     

Image enhancement of nano-dispersed N-(p-n-decyloxybenzylidene)-p-n-hexyloxy aniline using combined unsharp masking

The main objective of the image enhancement is to process an image with suitable technique to produce better visibility for a specific application. To identify key features like transition temperatures, clear phase identification in the liquid crystalline images, we require some novel image processing techniques. Characterisation and mesomorphic behaviour in pure and 1% ZnO nano-dispersed liquid crystalline N-(p-n-decyloxybenzylidene)-p-n-hexyloxy anilines, 10O.O6 compounds are carried out using a polarising microscope and images are preserved for enhancement. Both the compounds exhibits NACIG (nematic, smectic-A, smectic-C, smectic-I, smectic-G) phases and the transition temperatures of the 1% ZnO nano-dispersed 10O.O6 are reduced compared with pure 10O.O6. Further, in this paper, a novel image enhancement technique of combined unsharp masking is proposed on pure and 1% ZnO nano-dispersed 10O.O6 liquid crystalline compounds for better visibility of phases at transition temperatures. The proposed method is used to identify the uniform regions and to detect the defects which may not be clearly observed from the textures that are recorded by polarising microscope.     

视障大学生基础听觉能力测量

对21名视障大学生的三项基础听觉能力进行了测量,并与21名正常大学生的结果进行比较。测量的基础听觉能力包括左右耳的11个频点纯音绝对听阈、80d B窄带噪声掩蔽下11个频点纯音的双耳掩蔽阈以及3个频点的纯音频率差别阈限。测量结果表明,视障大学生在此三项听觉能力上的各频率平均值均优于正常大学生,并且具有显著性差异。三项能力上均呈现低频比中高频优势明显的特点。其中,视障学生的纯音频率差别阈限上表现尤为突出,三个频点的平均值仅为正常大学生的1/4。     

串联型罗仑兹混沌遮掩保密通信电路

设计了一种串联型罗仑兹混沌数字信号保密通信电路系统.该系统利用串联同步罗仑兹混沌电路进行信号混沌遮掩保密通信,在发送端和接收端之间只需传送一个叠加有传送信息的混沌信号即可实现高质量保密传送信息.模拟实验表明,在一定条件下传送数字信号时接收端可无失真地恢复所传信号.     

基于掩蔽阈值与复倒谱的数字音频水印算法

文中介绍了掩蔽效应与复倒谱技术,并根据这两种技术的特点,提出了一种基于掩蔽阈值与复倒谱技术相结合的数字音频水印算法,并给出了最终的实验结果与结果分析。     

In-Stream Masking of Aluminium in the Determination of Fluoride by Flow-Injection Potentiometry

Abstract

The ability of selected complexing agents to mask aluminium and release fluoride for potentiometric determination in-stream has been assessed. The experimental manifold incorporated a cascade flow cell and comprised two flow paths, the first for conventional flow-injection and the second enabling stopped-flow analyses to be performed. For solutions containing equimolar quantities of Al and F at concentrations up to 10^?3 M in each ion, better than 90% fluoride recovery was achieved in 16s using Tiron. At higher aluminium loadings, fluoride was released more slowly, with citrate and DCTA being found to be more efficient than Tiron. At an Al. F ratio of 4:1 (10^?3 M F), relative release rates for fluoride over a 10 minute period occurred in the following order:

citrate > DCTA > Tiron > tartrate > EDTA

Acetate and hexamine buffers, often recommended as components in TISAB formulations, were as effective as EDTA in releasing fluoride. Using an acetate buffer with citrate as the decomplexing agent slowed this release. Aged Al/F solutions responded almost as quickly as fresh solutions to Tiron and DCTA, with small pH-related effects being observed for solutions 20 days old.     

Masking Ability of Various Complexing Agents for Aluminum in the Fluorine Determination with a Fluoride Ion-Selective Electrode

Abstract

In the determination of fluoride ion with a fluoride ion-selective electrode, tiron is the most effective of masking agents tested for aluminum. The higher the pH, the more effective the masking, but the hydroxide ion raises the lower limit of determinable fluoride ion concentration at higher pH.

Therefore, measurements at pH 6.0 are preferable. Fluorine in two glass samples has been successfully determined with tiron.