视神经损伤治疗的进展

视神经损伤以视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)的丢失为主的病理变化导致了视功能障碍,随着一定数量存活的RGCs在合适环境下的修复再生,视功能可有一定的恢复,综述相关研究文献,旨在了解视神经损伤及修复再生可能存在的规律,以及促进其再生的方法,客观评价视功能恢复的情况。     

老年痴呆症的药物治疗进展

老年痴呆症（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，至今病因未明，且尚无特效药。近年来，临床运用促智药、胆碱酯酶抑制剂、乙酸胆碱释放增强剂、NSAID、神经生长因子等药物，对改善症状、延缓疾病的发生有一定的作用。此病的病因及药物治疗尚有特作更深入的研究。     

住院癌症患者的疼痛控制状况及疼痛对生活质量影响的调查

目的:调查住院肿瘤患者的疼痛控制情况,以及癌痛对肿瘤患者生活质量的影响,为癌痛护理实施提供依据。方法:对376例住院肿瘤患者进行了调查,调查采用癌痛患者疼痛调查表,其中包括疼痛部位调查,24 h疼痛的轻重程度调查,使用止疼药物的调查,24 h受疼痛影响的程度。结果:本组患者目前的癌痛评分(NRS评分)平均为(4.10±2.48)分;有过疼痛的患者为371例(98.67%),既往使用口服药物止痛208例(89.27%);使用过非药物止痛疗法的患者有189例(50.27%)。生活质量在24 h受疼痛影响的程度,影响最大的是日常生活(6.51±2.43)分,影响最小的是睡眠(3.46±2.62)分。结论:疼痛对癌症患者的生活质量产生影响,住院患者癌痛控制效果有待加强。     

A continuous family of partition statistics equidistributed with length

This article investigates a remarkable generalization of the generating function that enumerates partitions by area and number of parts. This generating function is given by the infinite product _∏i?11/(1−tqi). We give uncountably many new combinatorial interpretations of this infinite product involving partition statistics that arose originally in the context of Hilbert schemes. We construct explicit bijections proving that all of these statistics are equidistributed with the length statistic on partitions of n. Our bijections employ various combinatorial constructions involving cylindrical lattice paths, Eulerian tours on directed multigraphs, and oriented trees.     

The neural mechanisms of pain-related affect and memory

The pain experience includes a sensory-discriminative and an emotional-affective components. The affective dimension refers to the unpleasantness or aversion of sensation. The great progress at the genetic, molecular, cellular, and systemic levels on the study of the sensory dimension of pain has been made over past four decades. However, “to consider only the sensory features of pain, and ignore its motivational and affective properties, is to look at only part of the problem and not even the most important part of that”. A line of clinic observations indicate that the patients with chronic pain suffer from much more affective disturbance than pain itself. Obviously, physiological arousal and hypervigilance to pain cause negative affect, such as anxiety, anger, worry, aversion, even tendency of suicide, these negative affective states in turn enhance pain sensation. Today, more and more attention has been paid to the study on mechanisms underlying affective dimension of pain. In order to deepen and expand our understanding of the nature of pain, this review summarizes the main progress and recent findings from our laboratory regarding affective component of pain in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and cell biochemistry.     

人发角蛋白桥接周围神经缺损的功能评价

目的通过在神经再生室内植入人发角蛋白,观察神经的功能恢复情况,为桥接周围神经缺损寻求新的替代材料。方法将18只新西兰兔的左侧坐骨神经切断,造成lOmm缺损,实验组用人发角蛋白桥接,对照组用空硅胶管桥接,术后检测坐骨神经功能指数、电生理、腓肠肌湿重,观察神经功能的恢复情况。结果8周时,试验组坐骨神经功能指数值优于对照组（P〈0．01）;12周时,试验组坐骨神经功能指数、潜伏期和神经传导速度及波幅明显好于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论人发角蛋白能促进兔坐骨神经功能的恢复是桥接周围神经缺损的理想材料。     

广义神经传播方程的非协调混合有限元方法

讨论了广义神经传播方程的一个低阶非协调混合有限元方法,在不引入广义椭圆投影的情况下,直接利用插值技巧,得到了相应的未知函数的最优误差估计.     

Chromo‐Fluorogenic Detection of Nerve‐Agent Mimics Using Triggered Cyclization Reactions in Push–Pull Dyes

A family of azo and stilbene derivatives ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ) are synthesized, and their chromo‐fluorogenic behavior in the presence of nerve‐agent simulants, diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), and diethylcyanophosphate (DCNP) in acetonitrile and mixed solution of water/acetonitrile (3:1 v/v) buffered at pH 5.6 with MES, is investigated. The prepared compounds contain 2‐(2‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)ethanol or 2‐[(2‐N,N‐dimethylamino)phenoxy]ethanol reactive groups, which are part of the conjugated π‐system of the dyes and are able to give acylation reactions with phosphonate substrates followed by a rapid intramolecular N‐alkylation. The nerve‐agent mimic‐triggered cyclization reaction transforms a dimethylamino group into a quaternary ammonium, inducing a change of the electronic properties of the delocalized systems that results in a hypsochromic shift of the absorption band of the dyes. Similar reactivity studies are also carried out with other “non‐toxic” organophosphorus compounds, but no changes in the UV/Vis spectra were observed. The emission behaviour of the reagents in acetonitrile and water–acetonitrile 3:1 v/v mixtures is also studied in the presence of nerve‐agent simulants and other organophosphorous derivatives. The reactivity between 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 and DCP, DCNP, or DFP in buffered water–acetonitrile 3:1 v/v solutions under pseudo first‐order kinetic conditions, using an excess of the corresponding simulant, are studied in order to determine the rate constants (k) and the half‐life times (t_1/2=ln2/k) for the reaction. The detection limits in water/acetonitrile 3:1 v/v are also determined for 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 and DCP, DCNP, and DFP. Finally, the chromogenic detection of nerve agent simulants both in solution and in gas phase are tested using silica gel containing adsorbed compounds 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , or 5 with fine results.     

模糊控制规则库及其优化方法

本综述了模糊控制技术的研究与发展状况，对控制规则库的设计方法和优化策略进行了详尽的阐述，并对其发展趋势进行了讨论。