用灰色理论和神经网络理论建立陀螺漂移模型初探

本文就灰色理论和神经网络技术在建立陀螺漂移模型上的应用进行了初步探讨；介绍了这两种理论工程应用上的方法和特点以及相关的一些问题。     

连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛对断指再植血流动力学影响的研究

目的研究连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛对断指再植术后再植指血流动力学的影响,探讨其缓解血管痉挛、增加血流量的可行性。方法将60例急诊行断指再植术患者按随机数字表法分为术后连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛组（CA组）和对照组（NA组）,每组30例。观察两组患者再植指术后血管痉挛、血管栓塞和指体坏死发生例数并计算再植指成活率,记录两组术后即刻（T1）、术后24h（T2）再植指固有动脉血流动力学参数及动脉内径（AD）、远指端血氧饱和度（SpO2）和温度（Ts）变化。结果断指再植术后成活率CA组高于NA组,血管痉挛、血管栓塞和指体坏死发生率CA组均低于NA组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。在T2时CA组各项血流动力学参数、AD、SpO2、Ts均高于NA组,阻力指数（RI）低于NA组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论术后连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛可以缓解再植指固有动脉痉挛,增加指体血流量,提高了断指再植的成功率。     

Advances in Large Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair and Regeneration with Bridging Nerve Guidance Conduits

Peripheral nerve injury is a common complication of accidents and diseases. The traditional autologous nerve graft approach remains the gold standard for the treatment of nerve injuries. While sources of autologous nerve grafts are very limited and difficult to obtain. Nerve guidance conduits are widely used in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries as an alternative to nerve autografts and allografts. However, the development of nerve conduits does not meet the needs of large gap peripheral nerve injury. Functional nerve conduits can provide a good microenvironment for axon elongation and myelin regeneration. Herein, the manufacturing methods and different design types of functional bridging nerve conduits for nerve conduits combined with electrical or magnetic stimulation and loaded with Schwann cells, etc., are summarized. It summarizes the literature and finds that the technical solutions of functional nerve conduits with electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and nerve conduits combined with Schwann cells can be used as effective strategies for bridging large gap nerve injury and provide an effective way for the study of large gap nerve injury repair. In addition, functional nerve conduits provide a new way to construct delivery systems for drugs and growth factors in vivo.     

浅谈灾害管理系统构建中的几个问题

目前大多数灾害管理系统均以GIS系统建立工作平台,为决策部门提供可靠依据,这在很大程度上促进了一个地区减灾力的提高。但是,由于GIS系统在我国的开发利用还没有达到一个十分成熟的阶段,因此在此基础上所开发构建的各种灾害管理系统还不能完全满足灾害管理的需要。对此从灾害管理与经济建设的关系、灾害管理的计算机模拟以及人工神经网络与灾害管理系统的结合三方面进行了分析,将上述内容列入灾害管理系统中,使之更加完善。     

即刻早基因ZENK的基因功能及其应用进展

即刻早基因ZENK是核基因组内编码转录因子的单拷贝基因,它受多种胞外信号,如血清、生长因子、细胞因子和激素的作用在不同类型细胞内迅速、大量表达.ZENK蛋白通过C2H2型锌指识别靶基因启动子中的GC丰富序列并发生作用,从而调控靶基因的转录.ZENK基因参与细胞生长、分化、发育的调控,而且其在大脑的诱导表达与动物的学习、记忆密切关联.另有研究显示,ZENK具有很高的进化保守性,可以作为新的分子标记运用于分子系统学研究.     

野木瓜注射液对牛蛙坐骨神经传导的影响

10％野木瓜注射液（InjectionStauntoniae，IS）涂布于离体牛蛙坐骨神经8min后，神经干复合动作电位诸成分的潜伏期都发生了显著性的延长，但只对C2成分的幅度有显著性影响；而50％IS不仅使复合动作电位各类成分的潜伏期都发生了显著性延长，而且使除Aαβ和C1以外的各类成分的幅度有显著性的减小．上述IS的影响具有明显的量效关系．这种阻滞作用是可逆的．     

基于深度学习的多模态眼科图像回归预测

青光眼是世界第二大致盲性眼病,视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）缺损是诊断青光眼的重要特征。在临床应用中主要采用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）测量RNFL厚度。然而在我国的多数中小型医院和体检中心,只有眼底照相机而不具备OCT设备。因此利用眼底照和OCT的多模态数据,设计了一种基于眼底照来预测RNFL厚度的深度残差回归神经网络。该网络通过眼底照中的局部区域信息预测此区域的RNFL厚度,并对视盘外围一周范围内的RNFL厚度给出全面的刻画。在一个来自北京同仁医院的真实数据集上的实验结果显示,本文算法预测的RNFL厚度值与OCT测量值具有高度的一致性（对于正常眼平均绝对误差E_MA=14.884,Pearson相关系数r=0.885,决定系数R²=0.781;对于青光眼E_MA=15.108,r=0.872,R²=0.754）。评估结果表明所提方法对基于眼底照预测RNFL厚度具有良好的临床实用性。     

Bilayer Cylindrical Conduit Consisting of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers and DSC Cross‐Linked Sodium Alginate Hydrogel to Bridge Peripheral Nerve Gaps

Herein, a bilayer cylindrical conduit (P‐CA) is presented consisting of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and sodium alginate hydrogel covalently cross‐linked with N,N′‐disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC). The bilayer P‐CA conduit is developed by combining the electrospinning and outer–inner layer methods. Using DSC, as a covalent crosslinker, increases the degradation time of the sodium alginate hydrogel up to 2 months. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel is also 503% during the first 8 h. The DSC cross‐linked sodium alginate in the inner layer of the conduit promotes the adhesion and proliferation of nerve cells, while the electrospun PCL nanofibers in the outer layer provide maximum tensile strength of the conduit during surgery. P‐CA conduit promotes the migration of Schwann cells along the axon in a rat model based on functional and histological evidences. In conclusion, P‐CA conduit will be a promising construct for repairing sciatic nerves in a rat model.     

Anatomy and cell biology of the laryngeal motor neurons: Implications for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia

Changes in neuroanatomical pathways in the central nervous system presumably play key roles in the pathogenetic mechanism underlying spasmodic dysphonia. However, practical considerations of accessibility to clinical intervention have focused efforts on treatments based on manipulations of laryngeal motor neurons, the most peripheral extent of these pathways. This review discusses aspects of the anatomy and cell biology of the laryngeal motor neurons, which provide a basis for the understanding of current techniques for the treatment of this disorder. In addition, consideration is given to the significance of unusual morphological characteristics of the laryngeal motor neurons and to cellular processes, which may ultimately offer potential for more selective clinical strategies.