透射焦散线法研究甲板开口边缘Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子

为研究船舶甲板开口边缘受拉的Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子,并探索焦散线方法在船舶结构中的应用,采用透射焦散线方法进行了实验研究．实验中模拟一般散货船带舱口的上甲板,制作了带孔有机玻璃透明试件,并采用加热法开出孔边裂纹．在数字焦散线实验系统中进行实验,获得了清晰的全场焦散线数字图象．应用焦散线图象自动处理程序精确地测出焦散线的最大直径以计算应力强度因子,并对裂纹尖端初始焦散线引起的实验误差作了处理．实验结果与理论值十分接近,表明船舶甲板开口边缘受拉的Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子与甲板中的总纵拉力成正比．     

半平面多圆孔多裂纹反平面问题

运用复变函数及积分方程方法,求解了半平面域多圆孔多裂纹反平面问题．建立了两种类型的基本解．利用叠加原理和所得的基本解并沿圆孔和裂纹表面取待定的基本解密度函数,可得一组基本解密度函数为未知函数的Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程．通过该积分方程组的数值求解可以得到密度函数的离散值,进而得到裂纹尖端的应力强度因子．     

部分苯甲酸衍生物的Tb（Ⅲ）配合物的发光性质研究

测定了６个苯甲酸衍生物与铽Ｔｂ（Ⅲ）二元化合物Ｔｂ（ＲＣ６Ｈ４Ｃｏ２）３（Ｒ＝ｏ－ＮＨ２、Ｈ、ｐ－ＮＨ２、ｏ－ＯＨ、ｍ－Ｃｌ、ｏ－ＣＯＯＨ）的红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱,结果表明,在３５０ｎｍ的紫外光激发下配合物的荧光强弱顺序为Ｒ＝ｏ－ＮＨ２〉Ｈ〉ｐ－ＮＨ２〉ｏ－ＯＨ〉ｍ－Ｃｌ〉ｏ－ＣＯＯＨ,并可看到,邻氨基苯甲酸铽配合物除了在本实验中荧光发射最强外,甚至比目前所报道的铽的无机发光材料的发光     

Distance-dependent fluorescence quenching ofN-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide by acrylamide

We examined the time-dependent intensity decays ofN-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide (NATA) when collisionally quenched by acrylamide in propylene glycol over a range of temperatures. The intensity decays of NATA became increasingly heterogeneous in the presence of acrylamide. The NATA intensity decays were not consistent with the Collins-Kimball radiation boundary condition (RBC) model for quenching. The steady-state Stern-Volmer plots show significant upward curvature, and quenching of NATA by acrylamide was observed even in vitrified propylene glycol, where translational diffusion cannot occur during the lifetime of the excited state. These frequencydomain and steady-state data indicate a through-space quenching interaction between NATA and acrylamide, and the results are consistent with a rate constant for quenching that depends exponentially on the fluorophore-quencher separation distance. The exponential distance-dependent rate of quenching also explains the upward curvature of the Stern-Volmer plot, and the steady-state data aid in determining the interaction distance between NATA and acrylamide. These results suggest that the distance-dependent quenching rates need to be considered in the interpretation of acrylamide quenching of proteins.     

Microenvironmental differences amongst micelles of various shapes and structures

Micelles of different amphiphiles adopt different shapes and internal packing arrangements in water, depending on their chemical structures and the conditions of the medium. Two microenvironmental features, namely the polarity and the microviscosity that the aggregate offers to a solubilized molecule, have been monitored using extrinsic fluorescence probes. While the differences between micelles of spherical and rod-like shapes are not always distinct, stacked micelles and peptide micelles offer distinctly lower polarity and higher microviscosity to solubilizates than the others.     

DFT study and vibrational spectra of the phoshorus-containing G0 generation dendrimer

The Raman (10–3500 cm⁻¹) and infrared (150–3500 cm⁻¹) spectra have been recorded for tris(4-oxibenzaldehyde)thiophosphate. This compound includes structural parts of elementoorganic dendrimers: a core and terminal aldehyde groups. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis are performed for elementoorganic dendrimer on the basis of the ab initio density functional theory. It is found that the dendrimer exist in a single stable conformation with planar C₆H₄CHO fragments. Our calculations show that conformer with one trans and two gauche 4-oxibenzaldehyde groups is realized. All these observations suggest that steric congestion does not disturb the construction of dendrimers even for the highest generations, and that terminal groups are readily available for further reactions. Relying on DFT calculations a complete vibrational assignment is proposed for different parts of the studied dendrimers.     

8,10-二炔廿五碳酸LB膜的周期结构

合成了8,10-二炔廿五碳酸,在玻璃片、石英片和镀金片上沉积了它的LB膜,X-射线衍射研究了LB膜的周期结构和聚合对它的影响。在2θ=1°—15°范围内观察到了多达7个布拉格衍射峰。由此计算了等同周期和分子在基片上的倾斜角。用分子模型计算了衍射峰强度,得到了与实验结果相符合的衍射峰强度奇偶起伏现象。     

高频介质系统介电性能与相组成的定量关系分析

采用普通电子陶瓷工艺制备两种高频介质系统ZnO-B2O3-SiO2三元系和BaO-PbO-Nd2O3-Bi2O3-TiO2五元系,通过XRD分析确定各系统的主晶相, 运用衍射峰强度计算法准确测定出各组分的体积百分含量,并代入Lichnetecker对数混合定则,计算出系统的介电性能,获得了分析介质系统介电性能与物相含量之间定量关系的新方法.     

金瓷修复体双材料界面断裂强度有限元分析

建立金瓷修复体双材料界面裂纹扩展的有限元计算模型．首先利用有限元计算得到平面应力条件下裂纹尖端位移场，求出裂尖附近复应力强度因子主导区域内对应点的相对位移，再辅以传统计算方法得到衡量双材料抵抗断裂能力的复应力强度因子K，并利用双材料界面断裂有关理论和基本公式，求得相关的断裂力学参量，对计算结果进行了实验验证．分析表明，金瓷层厚比对金瓷裂纹开裂具有很大的影响，为进一步分析和研究金瓷修复体断裂行为提供了研究方法。     

放牧强度递变规律及对草场的影响

用数学方法对放牧影响草场的因子进行了量化，定量地研究了放牧强度对草场的影响，在已知草场的基本情况下，建立草场退化程度与放牧强度之间的关系，用实例分析说明了牧畜超载对草场的破坏程度，对放牧强度R值的分析表明，只有调整放牧强度或减少牧畜头数，才能减缓放牧对草场的破坏和压力。