葡萄糖对溶胶凝胶法制备Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2正极材料性能的影响

利用XRD、SEM、EDS、BET、激光粒度、循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗方法研究了葡萄糖为碳源对溶胶凝胶法制备Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂正极材料的结构、形貌以及电化学性能的影响.结果表明：与前驱体中未加入葡萄糖所制备的材料相比,掺葡萄糖后样品颗粒分布相对均匀,粒径变小,D₅₀从11.56减小至9.94 μm,比表面积增加近1倍.经0.05C充放电活化后,未掺葡萄糖和掺葡萄糖样品0.2C放电比容量分别为183.4、211.6 mAh·g^-1,2C容量分别为其0.2C的62.2%、77.6%.1C循环50次后放电比容量分别为133.3、173.6 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率分别为95.1%、100%.掺葡萄糖可降低首次不可逆容量损失,提高材料的倍率性能与循环稳定性,减少电荷传递阻抗、Warburg阻抗以及双电层弥散效应,但不改变材料的晶型结构.     

Synthesis and properties of a newly obtained sorbent based on silica gel coated with a polyaniline film as the stationary phase for non-suppressed ion chromatography

The new sorbent for non-suppressed ion chromatography based on silica gel coated with a film of polyaniline (PANI) was obtained in a process of in situ polymerization of aniline by oxidation with ammonium peroxydisulfate. Raman analyses performed using a Thermo Scientific DXR confocal Raman Microscope equipped with the Omnic 8 software from Thermo Fisher Scientific have proved a uniform distribution of PANI on the surface of chromatographic beads and in the pores of the particle.     

MoO3纳米带/RGO复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以水杨酸为模板剂和还原剂,采用水热法制备得到了一种MoO₃纳米带/RGO复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、拉曼光谱、恒流充放电、交流阻抗等手段对样品的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行表征。测试结果表明,MoO₃纳米带/RGO复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,在50mA·g^-1的电流密度下可逆比容量为1000mAh·g^-1,循环50次后比容量还保持在950mAh·g^-1,相比于MoO₃纳米带其容量保持能力和循环性能得到了显著改善。     

高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱筛查和确证纺织品中的致癌染料

建立了高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS)筛查和确证生态纺织品中致癌染料的方法。样品在水浴(95 ℃)中用吡啶/水(1/1, v/v)振荡(150 r/min)提取,上清液过聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)滤膜后,CAPCELL PAK C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm, 5 μm)分离,以乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.01%甲酸)、乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液分别作为正、负电喷雾离子化(ESI)模式的色谱流动相梯度洗脱。在m/z 200~800范围内进行一级质谱全扫描。以准分子离子峰的精确质量数和提取的色谱图峰面积进行筛查分析和定量,以保留时间和数据依赖扫描(data-dependent scan)模式获得的子离子质谱图进行定性确证。9种染料的质量准确度小于5×10^-6(5 ppm),线性良好,相关系数大于0.99,方法检出限为0.125~25 mg/kg。3个添加水平的回收率范围为62.13%~116.28%,相对标准偏差小于15%。应用该方法检测了棉、涤纶及混纺纤维等20余件纺织品样品中的致癌染料残留。该方法准确、可靠。     

表面化学侵蚀改性富锂层状正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2

采用3种不同pH值的去离子水,NH₄NO₃和H₂C₂O₄溶液对富锂层状正极材料Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂进行表面化学侵蚀改性,旨在改善其整体电化学性能。ICP结果表明pH值对材料中Li的析出具有显著影响。X射线衍射（XRD）表明表面化学侵蚀对材料的结构有影响。拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）表明材料表面结构发生了变化。H₂C₂O₄溶液侵蚀过的样品的首次效率有了极大提高,但同时中值电压和循环性能显著恶化。NH₄NO₃溶液侵蚀过的样品的首次效率从63%提高到了85%,1C倍率下的放电比容量从149 mAh·g^-1提高到194 mAh·g^-1,同时保持了温和的中值电压变化曲线。通过高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对改性机理进行了研究。     

基于苯并噻唑Zn2+荧光探针及其细胞造影应用

设计合成基于苯并噻唑Zn²⁺荧光增强型探针BHP,在HEPES缓冲液中测其对Zn²⁺识别性能。实验结果表明,BHP对Zn²⁺有较高的选择性,对其他金属离子如Cd²⁺,Fe²⁺,Ni²⁺,Pb²⁺,Hg²⁺,Al³⁺,Mn²⁺,Ag⁺,Cu²⁺,Co²⁺,Na⁺,K⁺,Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺无明显荧光增强响应。BHP与Zn²⁺按1：1计量比配位,在生理条件下荧光强度不受pH值影响。在HeLa细胞中对Zn²⁺的造影表明BHP可用于生物体Zn²⁺检测。     

钒掺杂对正极材料LiFePO4/C的电化学性能影响

以LiH₂PO₄和廉价的Fe₂O₃为原料,葡萄糖为有机碳源,通过选择高价V⁵⁺进行铁位掺杂固相合成碳包覆复合改性的LiFe_1-xV_xPO₄/C（x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07,0.1）材料。700℃下处理得到结晶性好、电化学性能良好、较高振实密度ρ=1.2g·cm^-3的材料。X射线光电子能谱（XPS）测试结果表明掺入的钒为高价态V⁵⁺,能产生更多的过剩电子,从而提高了电子电导率,且V⁵⁺的掺入没有改变Fe的价态。交流阻抗测试结果进一步证明了V⁵⁺的掺入降低了电荷迁移阻抗,提高了材料的电子电导率。其中优化的材料LiFe_0.95V_0.05PO₄显示了不同倍率下良好的充放电比容量,在0.1C、1C、2C和5C倍率的放电比容量分别为155、146.5、135.3和125.9mAh·g^-1,5C循环500次后容量为119.5mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为94.9%,材料循环性能较好,具有良好的实际应用价值。     

烧结型NdFeB永磁体表面有机纳米复合膜的制备及性能

采用自组装分子膜技术在烧结型NdFeB永磁体表面制备了三嗪硫醇三乙基硅烷(TES)自组装分子膜(TES-SAMs), 在TES-SAMs的基础上利用自主开发的有机镀膜技术制备了具有含氟官能团的三嗪硫醇(ATP)有机纳米复合薄膜(TES-ATP). 通过X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪、椭圆偏振光谱仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪对薄膜的表面状况进行评价, 使用UMT-2型摩擦磨损试验机研究TES-SAMs和TES-ATP的微摩擦学性能. 研究结果表明: TES-SAMs和TES-ATP的膜厚分别是5.08和29.78nm; 表面自由能从基体的73.13 mJ·m^-2下降到TES-SAMs的63.69 mJ·m^-2和TES-ATP复合膜的10.19 mJ·m^-2, 且TES-ATP复合膜对蒸馏水的接触角为123.5°, 成功实现了NdFeB表面由亲水到疏水的转换.TES-SAMs和TES-ATP均能有效降低摩擦系数, TES-SAMs的摩擦系数为0.22, TES-ATP的摩擦系数为0.12, 而基体的摩擦系数为0.71; 同时, TES-ATP还表现出良好的抗磨性能. TES-ATP复合膜为微机电系统中的摩擦磨损问题的解决提供了一种新思路.     

Voltammetric Ion‐Selective Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Erbium at the Interface Between two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions

In this study for the first time a novel erbium(III) voltammetric ion‐selective nanocomposite carbon‐paste electrode was introduced based on the concept of ion transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. N′‐(2‐hydroxy‐1,2‐diphenylethylidene) benzohydrazide (HDB) was used as a selective ionophore in the composition of the carbon paste. The ionophore facilitates transfer of Er(III) from the aqueous solution to the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) phase after reduction of the redox probe to maintain charge neutrality. The plot of the peak potential versus the logarithm of the concentration exhibits a Nernstian response (19.9±0.2 mV decade^?1) toward Er(III) in the range of 7.5×10^?7–1.0×10^?1 mol L^?1 with detection limit of 5.0×10^?7 mol L^?1. The proposed sensor shows a fast response time of about 5 s.     

Improved Calcium Ion-Selective Electrode Based on a Neutral Carrier

Abstract

The performance of a liquid-membrane electrode using a synthetic, neutral carrier in o-nitro-phenyl-n-octyl-ether as membrane component in a PVC matrix, in the presence of sodium tetra-phenyl-borate, is described. Selectivities, working range, lifetime and anion interference are discussed. The electrode makes possible the measurement of calcium ion activities in the range 10^?1M to 10^?6M in unbuffered and in the range 10^?1M to 10^?8M in calcium buffered systems respectively. The selectivities of calcium over protons, magnesium, sodium and zinc are 25,000, 26,000, 2,800 and 7,100, respectively, and are far superior than those reported for other calcium sensors.