Pollen-recorded climate changes between 13.0 and 7.0 ^14C ka BP in southern Ningxia, China

A pollen record from Haiyuan section in the southern part of Ningxia revealed a detailed history of vegetation variation and associated climate changes during the period from~13.0 to~7.0 14 C ka BP.A steppe landscape under a moderately dry(and probably cool)condition(~12.7-~12.1 14 C ka BP)was replaced by a coniferous forest dominating the landscape under a generally wet climate from~12.1 to ~11.01 4C ka BP.This generally wet period,corresponding to the European B?lling/All?rod period,can be divided into three stages:a cool and wet stage between~12.1 and~11.4 14 C ka BP,a mild and rela- tively dry stage between~11.4 and~11.2 14 C ka BP,and a mild and wet stage between~11.2 and~11.0 14 C ka BP.The coniferous forest-dominated landscape was then deteriorated into steppe landscape (~11.0-~10.6 14 C ka BP)and further into a desert steppe landscape from~10.6 to~9.8 14 C ka BP,being correspondent to the European Younger Dryas period.After a brief episode of a cool and wet climate (~9.8-~9.6 14 C ka BP),a relatively mild and dry condition prevailed during the early Holocene(~9.6- ~7.6 14 C ka BP)and then a warm and humid climate started the mid-Holocene(~7.6-~7.2 14 C ka BP).     

Evaluation of Eco-Environmental Frangibility Based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

The eco-environmental frangibility is studied by choosing the factors of land use class change and vegetation cover rate, and the equation of eco-environmental frangibility and its evaluation system are established based on remote sensing （RS） and geographic information system technology （GIS）. Four different years of TM images are selected to calculate land use change grads and vegetation cover rate, and the relationship between the two factors and eco-environment frangibility index are build, taking Fuzhou as an example. The character of times change and space distribution of eco-environment frangibility are described. The result indicates the area of eco-environment frangibility increased 2.6% in Fuzhou during twelve years, and expands from the region between infield and forest land to forest land in space distribution.     

Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Soil Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

The vegetation spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics in different soil regions were analyzed by surveying the vegetation in 12 different soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China, including conifer- ous-broadleaf deciduous forests, shrub, grassland, and desert regions with 1122 large 2 cm × 2 cm quad- rats (actual size 30 km × 30 km, referred to as L-quadrat hereafter) in about 1.18 million km2. Each L- quadrat was divided into four small 1 cm × 1 cm quadrats (actual size 15 km × 15 km, S-quadrat). The vegetation was analyzed based on the beta-binomial distribution to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average of the heterogeneity of all vegeta- tion in the same soil region provides a measure of the soil regional landscape level heterogeneity which de- scribes the spatial complexity of the regional landscape composition of the existing vegetation. Comparison of the vegetation characteristics in the 12 soil regions shows that, the calcic gray soil has the highest average vegetation type per quadrat. The largest soil region is calcic chestnut soil and has the most vegetation types. Every soil region has its own dominant vegetation sequence which dominates in occurrence and dominant vegetation types which dominates in spatial heterogeneity. For the Inner Mongolian vegetation, the weighted average of the heterogeneity is 0.60 and the vegetation diversity index is 4.47.     

西部植被建设对我国整体生态环境的作用

我国整体生态环境的主要河流长江、黄河都起源于西部,近年来,由于生态恶化造成的沙尘风暴及洪涝灾害不断给全国造成影响和威胁,因此,西部的植被建设必然是关系全国整体生态环境的大事.     

Interaction between salinity intrusion and vegetation succession: A modeling approach

Predicting potential changes in groundwater salinity in low-lying coastal regions due to climate change is important, where coastal vegetation is abundant, succession competition between halophytes and glycophytes plays a significant role in the salinity budget. Sea level rise enhances salinity intrusion, contributing an additional dimension to vegetation competition. A new simulation model known as mangrove-hardwood hammock model coupled with saturated-unsaturated transport (MANTRA) has recently been developed by the authors to simulate groundwater salinity regimes in the presence of vegetation competition, subject to climate change. MANTRA is based upon linking two existing Unites States geological survey (USGS) simulation models known as mangrove-hardwood hammock model (MANHAM) and saturated-unsaturated transport (SUTRA). MANHAM simulates the evolution of vegetation succession subject to changing groundwater salinity. SUTRA simulates saturated and unsaturated transport of solutes and salinity in groundwater given sea salinity. MANTRA improves the simulation robustness to simultaneously simulate groundwater hydrology, salinity and coastal vegetation succession subject to sea level rise. Some simulation results will be presented to demonstrate the impact of sea level rise on coastal vegetation succession and groundwater salinity.     

吐鲁番市文化西路棚户区改造工程规划

本文通过宏观区域及人文背景分析,在尊重历史和现实的基础上,针对吐鲁番市文化西路棚户区改造规划这一特定项目,探索在民族地区、市场经济条件下,协调居住者、开发商、政府三方利益诉求,达成问题合理解决的途径。     

Deep sea pollen record during 12－1.6 Ma from the southern South China Sea and its response to envi-ronmental change

Based on deep-sea pollen results (512-76 m) from ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea (SCS),the climate and vegetation evolution sequence on the surrounding islands and the exposed continental shelf are discussed. The pollen records show that the pollen influx was quite low before 8.15 Ma and increased dramatically afterwards. The influx changes can be ascribed,on one side,to tectonics deformations around the southern SCS resulting in rapid uplift of islands and subsequent increase of the sediment rates and pollen influx and on the other side to climate cooling and monsoon enhancement. Around 2.63 Ma was another obvious boundary,the increasing of pollen and spores influx since this time was mainly related to global climate cooling. Spectrum analysis of pollen influx values shows that 2 Ma,0.67 Ma,and 0.19-0.17 Ma cycles existed during 12-3.0 Ma,while 0.1 Ma and 46.9 ka cycles existed during 3.0-2.0 Ma.     

娄烦县植被类型及其利用保护对策研究

简要介绍了娄烦县的自然生态环境、分布区类型、生活型组成及主要群落类型，提出了植被生态保护利用对策。     

水库库区桉树轮伐对水土流失的影响研究——以广州水库库区为例

以广州市白洞水库和吊钟水库作为实验样区,研究分析水库库区桉树轮伐对水土流失的影响.研究基于遥感数据对库区桉树轮伐区的植被覆盖度、土壤侵蚀模数以及水土保持作用系数进行反演和统计分析.结果显示:库区桉树林的轮伐行为将导致植被覆盖度从0.8~0.9下降到0.2~0.3;土壤侵蚀模数从2 000~3 000 t/km2上升到8 000~13 000 t/km2,水土保持作用系数从0.7~0.8下降到0.3~0.5;扰动期长达11个月;产生较严重的水土流失影响.     

三峡水库和长江宜昌段河道夏季日间水环境初步评价及对策分析

采用原位监测在夏季从三峡库区到下游枝江的长江干流区段选定监测点进行日间水体环境指标测量。结果表明,三峡大坝上下游表层水温有明显差异性,西陵峡内长江水温无较大变化,流经宜昌城区后水温高于三峡水库。经水库温度分布模拟,三峡水库水温各季节分布差异明显,体现出水温分层现象,最低水温出现时间向后推迟。大坝下游溶氧较高,风速强也会使DO上升。从西陵峡口开始表层水体pH不断下降,应考虑实施兼顾生态保护的水库调度。