Vortex core physics in the cuprate superconductor Nd2−xCexCuOy

Flux-flow voltage steps and negative differential resistivity in the cuprate Nd_2−xCe_xCuO_y are explained in terms of subbands between the Fermi energy and the energy gap affecting the quasiparticle dynamics.     

Elaborate treatment of retention in chemoselective chromatography—The retention increment approach and non-linear effects

The retention increment approach is described which quantifies the association equilibria of a selectand and a selector in complexation and inclusion chromatography. A thermodynamic treatment of enantioselectivity based on retention phenomena in chromatography including entropy/enthalpy compensation and the isoenantioselective temperature is advanced. Kinetic parameters of enantiomerization are discussed. Non-linear effects, both existent and elusive, are described and proposed, respectively. The enantioselectivity pertaining to catalysis vs. chromatography is compared and a unified nomenclature is proposed. Through an educational effort, this account is aimed at providing a deeper insight into chemoselective aspects of chromatography thereby stimulating further research of both established and speculative phenomena of the most intriguing manifestation of chemoselectivity, that is, of enantioselectivity.     

电测深法在岩溶探测中的应用

对于高速公路、桥梁、大坝等高标准工程项目建设 ,为了便于选址 ,须确定地下有无溶洞及其有关参数 .作者在获得可靠地质信息的基础上 ,利用电测深法对宁横公路某路段地下溶洞进行探测 ,并利用反射系数 (K)法对其ρs 资料进行解释 .结果表明 ,用电测深法探测岩溶 ,能较准确地确定溶洞的规模及其空间赋存状态 ,具有广阔的应用前景     

农药氯氰菊酯对土体基本性质影响的室内试验研究

为了研究有机氯农药对土体基本性质的影响,配制了不同浓度的氯氰菊酯农药污染土试样.对不同龄期的污染土样分别进行了颗粒分析、液塑限、p H值、电阻率测试、扫描电镜(SEM)等试验.结果显示,农药污染土的黏粒组分随农药掺量增加而增大;液限和塑限随污染物浓度增加而增大,塑性指数随浓度增加呈先增大后稳定的趋势;不同龄期试样的p H值随污染物浓度的增加而减小,变化幅度相似;同一龄期污染土的电阻率随农药掺量的增加而减小,在28 d龄期时电阻率最大;SEM试验发现,试样在1~56 d龄期时,孔隙先增大后减小,在28 d龄期时孔隙最大.同时分析了产生这些变化的原因,为有机污染物污染土体的原位测试研究提供了基础.     

自旋梯状化合物Sr14(Cu1-xZnx)24O41的电输运及磁学性质

采用标准固相反应法制备了Sr14(Cu1-xZnx)24O41(x=0, 0. 01, 0. 02, 0. 03)系列多晶样品. X射线衍射谱表明所有样品均呈单相,且样品晶格常数大小随Zn掺杂量x的变化存在微弱波动. X射线光电子能谱表明Sr14Cu24O41中Cu离子以+2价形式存在,Zn掺杂对体系中Cu离子化合价不造成影响. 磁化率测量结果表明在10~300 K温度范围内Zn掺杂使体系磁化率降低,拟合结果表明随着Zn掺杂量x的增大,居里-外斯项对体系磁化率贡献逐渐减弱,二聚体耦合能JD 逐渐降低,每个分子中CuO2 自旋链内二聚体个数ND 与自由Cu2+离子自旋数NF 均逐渐减少,进一步分析显示替换二聚体内Cu2+离子的Zn2+离子数少于替换自由Cu2+离子的Zn2+离子数. 电阻率测量结果表明Sr14Cu24O41体系具有半导体特性,并且Zn掺杂会使体系电阻率降低,降低程度随掺杂量x增大而增大,但并未使体系发生金属- 绝缘体转变. 认为电阻率降低可能是由于Zn2+离子掺杂使体系内CuO2 自旋链中二聚体发生退耦,破坏了电荷有序超结构,从而使更多的空穴释放出来并转移到导电性好的Cu2O3自旋梯子中所致.     

Excess Gibbs energies and volumes of the ternary system chloroform + tetrahydrofuran + cyclohexane at 298.15 K

Vapour–liquid equilibria and densities for the ternary system chloroform + tetrahydrofuran + cyclohexane and for the binary mixtures containing chloroform have been determined at 298.15 K. Vapour–liquid equilibrium data have been collected by head-space gas-chromatographic analysis of the vapour phase directly withdrawn from an equilibration apparatus. Density measurements have been carried out by means of a vibrating tube densimeter. Molar excess Gibbs energies G^E and volumes V^E, as well as activity coefficients and apparent molar volumes of the components, have been obtained from the measured quantities and discussed. The binary chloroform + tetrahydrofuran displays negative deviations from ideality, while chloroform + cyclohexane positive deviations, for both volume and Gibbs energy. The G^E's and V^E's for the ternary system are positive in the region rich in cyclohexane while negative in the region rich in chloroform + tetrahydrofuran. This indicates that hydrogen bonding between chloroform and tetrahydrofuran molecules produces negative values of G^E and V^E and strongly influences the behaviour of the ternary system.     

SrPd4B and BaPd4B: New Type of Crystal Structure and Physical Properties

Two new intermetallic alkaline‐earth palladium borides, SrPd₄B and BaPd₄B were synthesised and their physical properties were investigated. The crystal structure of SrPd₄B was solved from powder X‐ray diffraction data: new structure type, space group Pnma, a = 6.0014(1) Å, b = 5.5041(1) Å, c = 11.8723(2) Å, R_I = 0.065, R_P = 0.093. BaPd₄B is isostructural with a = 6.0883(1) Å, b = 5.6066(1) Å, c = 12.0050(2) Å, R_I = 0.062, R_P = 0.097. The relationship of this structure type with the series of derivatives of the CaCu₅ type is discussed. Calculated electronic band structures for palladium, Pd₃B, SrPd₅, SrPd₄B and SrPd₃B are compared. The role of boron and strontium for the electronic properties is discussed in detail. SrPd₄B shows metallic behaviour with a DOS(E_F) ≈? 1.7 eV^–1 · f.u.^–1 at the Fermi level. Magnetic properties, electrical resistivity and specific heat capacity measurements reveal that the two compounds are diamagnetic metallic conductors with low electronic density of states, in agreement, with the electronic structure calculations.     

Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of NdT2Ge2 (T=Pd, Ag) compounds

Physical properties of NdPd₂Ge₂ and NdAg₂Ge₂, crystallizing with the tetragonal ThCr₂Si₂-type crystal structure, were investigated by means of magnetic, calorimetric, electrical transport as well as by neutron diffraction measurements. The specific heat studies and neutron diffraction measurements were performed down to 0.30 K and 0.47 K, respectively. Both compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering below T_N equal to 1.5 K for NdPd₂Ge₂ and 1.8 K for NdAg₂Ge₂. Neutron diffraction data for the latter germanide indicate antiferromagnetic collinear structure described by the propagation vector k=(0.5, 0, 0.5). The Nd magnetic moments equal to 2.24(5) μ_B at 0.47 K are aligned along the a-axis and have the +− sequence within the crystal unit cell. For NdPd₂Ge₂ only very small Bragg peaks of magnetic origin were observed in the neutron diffraction patterns measured below T_N, thus hampering determination of the magnetic structure. Both compounds exhibit metallic-like electrical conduction. From the specific heat data the crystal electric field (CEF) levels schemes were determined. Difference between the overall CEF splitting in the two compounds is correlated with their structural parameters.     

Synthesis, electronic transport and magnetic properties of Zr1−xYxNiSn, (x=0-0.25) solid solutions

The crystal structure of the Zr_1−xY_xNiSn half-Heusler solid solutions is synthesized and their crystal structure is determined. Electrical resistivity and thermoelectric Seebeck coefficient are measured in the 80-380 K temperature range, whereas magnetic susceptibility is measured at 290 K. It is established that substitution of Zr host atoms by Y in the ZrNiSn intermetallic semiconductor is equivalent to doping by acceptor impurities. Self-consistent ab initio calculations, based on the full potential local orbital (FPLO) minimum basis method, are performed to investigate the electronic and thermoelectric properties of these alloys. Spin polarized within the framework of the coherent potential approximation (CPA) are included.