CE-LIF coupled with flow cytometry for high-throughput quantitation of fluorophores in single intact cells

We report a method of coupled CE-LIF detection with flow cytometry for high-throughput determination and quantitation of fluorophores in single intact K562/S (KS) cells. The membrane properties of KS cell including fluophore transport rate and apparent permeability coefficient were further quantitatively characterized. The method has advantages for accurate quantitation and unique capacity of high-throughput analysis. The strategy will be useful for the quantitation of fluorophores in the intact cells, such as measurement of multidrug resistance, quantitation of specific protein expression, and quantitative characterization of protein and enzyme functions.     

New boundary conditions for the computation of the apparent stiffness of statistical volume elements

We present a new auxiliary problem for the determination of the apparent stiffness of a Statistical Volume Element (SVE). The SVE is embedded in an infinite, homogeneous reference medium, subjected to a uniform strain at infinity, while tractions are applied to the boundary of the SVE to ensure that the imposed strain at infinity coincides with the average strain over the SVE. The main asset of this new auxiliary problem resides in the fact that the associated Lippmann–Schwinger equation involves without approximation the Green operator for strains of the infinite body, which is translation-invariant and has very simple, closed-form expressions. Besides, an energy principle of the Hashin and Shtrikman type can be derived from this modified Lippmann–Schwinger equation, allowing for the computation of rigorous bounds on the apparent stiffness. The new auxiliary problem requires a cautious mathematical analysis, because it is formulated in an unbounded domain. Observing that the displacement is irrelevant for homogenization purposes, we show that selecting the strain as main unknown greatly eases this analysis. Finally, it is shown that the apparent stiffness defined through these new boundary conditions “interpolates” between the apparent stiffnesses defined through static and kinematic uniform boundary conditions, which casts a new light on these two types of boundary conditions.     

无人机多光谱传感器场地绝对辐射定标研究

2010年10月14日无人机遥感载荷验证场科学实验在内蒙古乌拉特前旗展开,这是我国首个航空遥感定标验证场的首次科学实验。通过验证场实验数据及制作的朗伯特性好的六块高光谱辐射特性靶标,采用反射率基法对搭载在无人机平台上的宽视场多光谱相机进行了场地绝对辐射定标。结果显示,对于成功获取影像的绿光、红光及近红外通道的绝对定标结果中,计数值(DN值)与辐射传输计算得出的表观辐亮度之间的线性相关系数优于99%。经误差分析得到不确定度为5.19%,优于验证场课题要求的6%。定标结果表示,验证场所配备之高光谱辐射特性靶标适用于机载多光谱载荷的场地绝对定标,且定标结果可靠,可以用于地物参数的反演。     

Numerical calculation of apparent IR radiation of cloud

The infrared detection has been one of important approaches for aerial target detection, but the existence of clouds in the sky makes target detection difficult, so it is of great significance to research the features of infrared radiation of clouds. Combining Mie scattering theory, the calculation model of infrared radiation on the cloud appearance was put forward and this model mainly considered two parts including direct and scattering radiation. The calculation methods of direct radiation, primary scattering and multiple scattering were discussed in detail to put forward the specific methods for numerical computation. Based on the calculation model, cumulus was taken as the example to calculate its radiation of wave band of long-wave infrared and analyze its radiation characters. The calculation results showed that: both perpendicular incidence and scattering could make great contributions to apparent radiation of cloud and could not be ignored; as for the distribution of direction angles, the radiation of clouds decreased with increase of direction angles as a whole; in the aspect of spectrum distribution, spectral radiance feature of the clouds was complicated function of wave length. Finally, the calculation results were verified using clouds imaging experiment of which the result also effectively proved the correctness of the calculation model.     

Age- and direction-related adaptations of lumbar vertebral trabecular bone with respect to apparent stiffness and tissue level stress distribution

The objective of this study was to study the age-related adaptation of lumbar vertebral trabecular bone at the apparent level, as well as the tissue level in three orthogonal directions. Ninety trabecular specimens were obtained from six normal L4 vertebral bodies of six male cadavers in two age groups, three aged 62 years and three aged 69 years, and were scanned using a high-resolution micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） system, then converted to micro- finite element models to do micro-finite element analyses. The relationship between apparent stiffness and bone volume fraction, and the tissue level yon Mises stress distribution for each trabecular specimen when compressed separately in the longitudinal direction, medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions （transverse directions） were derived and compared between two age groups. The results showed that at the apparent level, trabecular bones from 69-year group had stiffer bone structure relative to their volume fractions in all three directions, and in both age groups, changes in bone volume fraction could explain more variations in apparent stiffness in the longitudinal direction than the transverse directions; at the tissue level, aging had little effect on the tissue von Mises stress distributions for the compressions in all the three directions. The novelty of the present study was that it provided quantitative assessments on the age and direction- related adaptation of Chinese male lumbar vertebral trabecular bone from two different levels： stiffness at the apparent level and stress distribution at the tissue level. It may help to understand the failure mechanisms and fracture risks of vertebral body associated with aging and direction for the prevention of fracture risks in elder individuals.     

基于水系多样性影响下的砂岩储层流体识别技术探讨

地层水矿化度变化大的地区测井解释难度大,易得出错误的解释结论。以测井响应机理研究为基础,依托阿尔奇公式中的电性、物性和含油性之间的关系,提出了水层底部包络线法、视地层水电阻率法和自然电位与电阻率乘积法。分别以水系相对集中的A井考查水层底部包络线法和视地层水电阻率法识别水系的准确性,以水系相对变化大的B井区考查自然电位与电阻率乘积法直接识别流体性质的实用性。结果表明,当水系相对集中为两套时,水层底部包络线法和视地层水电阻率法可以很好地识别不同水系,为在同一套水系中进行流体识别奠定了基础。当水系变化较大的情况下,自然电位与电阻率乘积法不受水系的干扰,直接识别流体解释符合率达到了80.9%,对于其他地层水矿化度变化大的地区有重要的借鉴作用。     

甘氨酸、L-丙氨酸和L-丝氨酸在尿素水溶液中的体积性质

蛋白质的折叠与解折叠、稳定性、变性行为和酶的活性等都受到环境中其它各种物质影响.作为蛋白质模型分子,氨基酸在混合溶液中的热力学研究近年来引起了广泛重视.尿素在生物体系中的独特地位主要表现在:它是水结构的破坏者,同时又是许多球状蛋白的变性剂.然而,尿素对球状蛋白的变性作用尚未达成共识.     

GF-2 PMS2与ZY-3 MUX多光谱传感器数据的交互对比

近年来随着我国新型国产高分影像的相继问世以及相关应用的逐步展开，不少研究涉及了不同国产高分影像多光谱数据之间的交互对比，但两种国产分辨率最高的GF-2 PMS2与ZY-3 MUX传感器多光谱数据之间的对比仍未见报道。为了使这两种国产主力高分辨率传感器的多光谱数据能够在实际应用中相互补充使用，发挥更大的作用，基于它们的3对同日过空影像，采用两种方法对其进行交互对比。第一种方法是对整个试验区采用逐像元光谱比较法进行对比，第二种是采用样区光谱均值比较法进行对比，即在试验影像上选择一系列的样区，然后以各样区的均值进行对比。通过对两种传感器同步影像对的表观反射率进行回归分析，获得各对应波段的回归散点图，查明它们之间的定量关系，并据此提出相互转换的关系方程。研究结果表明，两种对比方法得出的结果相一致，但使用样区光谱均值比较法进行交互对比的结果的准确性更高。GF-2 PMS2与ZY-3 MUX各对应波段具有很强的相关性，其线性回归方程的决定系数(R2)都大于0.9，但其值在蓝绿波段较高，在红光和近红外波段有所下降，表明两种传感器的表观反射率在蓝绿波段的一致性好于红光和近红外波段。总体上看，GF-2 PMS2的信号强于ZY-3 MUX，二者的信号差异在蓝、绿光波段较大，在红光和近红外波段较小，但却明显受到地物类型的影响。对于以裸土为主的影像，两种传感器之间的差异随着波长的增大而逐渐减小，而对于以植被为主的影像，二者之间的差异却随着波长的增大而逐渐增大。将纯植被与纯裸土的样区单独提取出来做进一步分析，结果表明，两种传感器的信号差异程度在红光波段主要受裸土影响，而在近红外波段则主要是受植被影响，且植被长势越旺盛，两种传感器的表观反射率差异越大。通过研究获得了两种传感器多光谱波段数据之间的相互转换方程，并对其进行验证，结果表明：经过转换后的GF-2 PMS2数据与ZY-3 MUX数据之间的差异大大减小，各波段均方根误差的均值降幅可达64.79%，平均相对偏差率也有明显的降低。这表明，所查明的两种传感器的定量关系是有效的，其对应波段的转换方程可以用于两种传感器数据的相互转换，经转换后的数据更有利于这两种传感器数据的协同使用。分析两种传感器数据的差异原因表明：二者数据的差异主要是由于它们的光谱响应函数的差异和空间分辨率的差异引起的。ZY-3 MUX的光谱响应函数曲线相对平缓，没有明显的起伏波动，而GF-2 PMS2则较不稳定，在四个波段呈现出程度不同的起伏变化，从而影响了二者表观反射率信号的一致性；而GF-2 PMS2具有的4 m空间分辨率明显高于ZY-3 MUX的6m空间分辨率，因此更容易捕捉到细小地物的光谱信息，这也使得二者信号出现不一致。     

Apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of aqueous solutions of 6,6,9-trimethyladenine and 6,6-dimethyladenine at 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C

Experimental data for aqueous solutions of 6,6,9-trimethyladenine at concentrations from 0.006 to 0.020 molal is provided from differential scanning adiabatic calorimetry, batch calorimetry, and densimetry. The data show nonlinear variations of apparent molar volumes and heat capacities with temperature and concentration. The properties of aqueous solutions of 6,6-dimethyladenine investigated over a similar range of concentration present similar behavior as those of other purine derivatives.