Quantum Tunneling from Apparent Horizon of?Rainbow-FRW Universe

The quantum tunneling from the apparent horizon of rainbow-FRW universe is studied in this paper. We apply the semi-classical approximation, which is put forward by Parikh and Wilczek et al., to research on the scalar field particles tunneling from the apparent horizon of the rainbow-FRW universe, and then use the spin 1/2 Fermions tunneling theory, which brought forward by Kerner and Mann firstly, to research on the Fermions Hawking radiation via semi-classical approximation. Finally, we discuss the meanings of the quantum effect via Finsler geometry.     

Chromatographic retention prediction and octanol-water partition coefficient determination of monobasic weak acidic compounds in ion-suppression reversed-phase liquid chromatography using acids as ion-suppressors

Although simple acids, replacing buffers, have been widely applied to suppress the ionization of weakly ionizable acidic analytes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), none of the previously reported works focused on the systematic studies about the retention behavior of the acidic solutes in this ion-suppression RPLC mode. The subject of this paper was therefore to investigate the retention behavior of monobasic weak acidic compounds using acetic, perchloric and phosphoric acids as the ion-suppressors. The apparent octanol-water partition coefficient (K^″ow) was proposed to calibrate the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of these weak acidic compounds, which resulted in a better linear correlation with log kw, the logarithm of the hypothetical retention factor corresponding to neat aqueous fraction of hydroorganic mobile phase. This log K^″ow−log kw linear correlation was successfully validated by the results of monocarboxylic acids and monohydrating phenols, and moreover by the results under diverse experimental conditions for the same solutes. This straightforward relationship not only can be used to effectively predict the retention values of weak acidic solutes combined with Snyder-Soczewinski equation, but also can offer a promising medium for directly measuring Kow data of these compounds via Collander equation. In addition, the influence of the different ion-suppressors on the retention of weak acidic compounds was also compared in this RPLC mode.     

以时温等效方法研究尼龙1010应力松弛行为及使用寿命预测

以尼龙材料的应力松弛行为作为研究对象, 考察初始应变为1.0%, 2.8%和5.1%的尼龙1010样品在温度区间293353 K的松弛曲线, 采用时间-温度等效叠加方法得到了松弛模量主曲线, 计算出叠加过程中的表观活化能、 松弛过程中的活化体积和应力辅助功. 结果表明, 整个松弛过程中的表观活化能和应力辅助功表现出相同的变化趋势, 体现出松弛过程中克服运动单元位垒的过程. 当293323 K区间的松弛曲线叠加时, 随着初始应变的增加, 表观活化能和应力辅助功均逐渐降低, 有助于聚合物内部的运动单元越过能垒发生松弛, 与松弛过程中的应力辅助热活化理论相一致; 当333353 K区间的松弛曲线叠加时, 不同初始应变样品的表观活化能均为260 kJ/mol, 应力辅助功均为60 MPa·nm³, 说明松弛过程中克服运动单元的能垒与应力作用无关. 根据松弛主曲线, 计算出了尼龙1010在1.0%, 2.8%和5.1% 3种形变下, 长时间范围内应力衰减与时间的关系, 为预测实际使用过程中的应力松弛行为提供了依据.     

Setting up of recovery profiles: A tool to perform the compliance with recovery requirements for residue analysis

The use of the recovery term has presented some confusion in Analytical Chemistry. Recent IUPAC recommendations propose to distinguish between two terms: recovery or recovery factor, ℜ, and apparent recovery, ℜ*. Apparent recovery includes recovery factor and a new recovery term proposed in this paper, named calibration recovery, ℜ^C, which depends of the type of systematic error due to the matrix effect (constant and/or proportional) and is related to the applied calibration methodology. This paper highlights the dependence of the calibration recovery on the sample analyte concentration and, for extension, of the apparent recovery, defines the recovery profile, and makes evident the need to determine a “fit for purpose” analyte concentration interval to comply with a regulated recovery requirements. An approach to estimate the calibration recovery and its associated uncertainty in relation to the above-mentioned dependence is presented. The usefulness of the proposed methodology has been shown in the quantification of a pesticide by GC-ECD for assessing dermal exposure.     

基于S-型光催化机制CuInS2内嵌中空凹面氮化碳光催化分解H2O制H2（英文）

光催化解离H2O合成H2是绿色可再生的太阳能光子能量转换策略之一.目前,增强光催化材料对太阳能光子的捕获并将之有效利用仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题.光催化解离H2O反应包括三个过程:太阳能光子能量促使光生电子在半导体材料带隙中的跃迁;光生电子定向传输;光生电子与吸附在半导体材料表面的H2O分子发生反应.第一过程需要强的太阳光子捕获能力以产生足够的光生载流子;第二、三过程在动力学上反映了光生载流子在各个竞争过程中能否有效利用的问题,如光生电子迁移与H2O作用的速度很慢(~μs),而电子与空穴的复合速度快(~ps).目前研究者很难协调半导体材料的电学和光学特性以满足光生载流子在热力学和动力学两方面的要求.g-C3N4是由C、N原子通过sp2杂化组成的二维π共轭体系.当g-C3N4结构偏离二维平面时,共轭体系的π电子由凹面迁移到凸面,促使凹、凸面形成表观电势差,有利于电子的定向传输.本文通过卷曲sp2杂化离域均三嗪体系偏离二维平面,得到空心凹面g-C3N4结构,便捷地优化了半导体的电子结构.将CuInS2嵌入生长于空心g-C3N4的凹面,所构成的半导体光催化材料CuInS2@C3N4展现了增强的光捕获能力,以及电子定向传输转移能力.结合XPS、光电流测试、电化学阻抗谱、稳态及瞬态荧光等表征手段揭示空心g-C3N4凹、凸面表观电势差驱动光生电子以S-型光催化作用机制从CuInS2的Cu 2p向g-C3N4的N 1s的路径转移.因而,所构建的CuInS2@C3N4在可见光激发下产氢效率提高到373μmol·h^?1·g^?1,其产氢效率分别是二维平面g-C3N4负载1 wt%Pt和3 wt%Pd效率的1.57倍和1.35倍,表明空心g-C3N4凹、凸面电势差可以显著地促进光生电子分离和利用率,从而提高光催化解离水制氢效率.本文可增强g-C3N4的可持续太阳能转换性能,也适用于其他半导体材料以替代贵金属光催化体系,降低光催化产氢技术成本,促进光催化技术的应用.     

基于水系多样性影响下的砂岩储层流体识别技术探讨

地层水矿化度变化大的地区测井解释难度大,易得出错误的解释结论。以测井响应机理研究为基础,依托阿尔奇公式中的电性、物性和含油性之间的关系,提出了水层底部包络线法、视地层水电阻率法和自然电位与电阻率乘积法。分别以水系相对集中的A井考查水层底部包络线法和视地层水电阻率法识别水系的准确性,以水系相对变化大的B井区考查自然电位与电阻率乘积法直接识别流体性质的实用性。结果表明,当水系相对集中为两套时,水层底部包络线法和视地层水电阻率法可以很好地识别不同水系,为在同一套水系中进行流体识别奠定了基础。当水系变化较大的情况下,自然电位与电阻率乘积法不受水系的干扰,直接识别流体解释符合率达到了80.9%,对于其他地层水矿化度变化大的地区有重要的借鉴作用。     

隔膜对双电层电容器和混合型电池-超级电容器的电化学性能的影响

隔膜是双电层电容器和混合型电池-超级电容器等电化学储能器件的重要组成元件.本文采用1 mol?L-1四乙基四氟硼酸铵的丙烯碳酸酯电解液制备了基于活性炭的扣式双电层电容器,并采用1 mol?L-1六氟磷酸锂锂离子电解液制备了(LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2+活性炭)/石墨体系的混合型电池-超级电容器.研究了不同类型隔膜的物理化学性能,以及其对双电层电容器和混合型电池-超级电容器的电化学性能的影响.四种隔膜分别是无纺布聚丙烯毡、多孔聚丙烯薄膜、Al2O3涂层的聚丙烯薄膜和纤维素纸隔膜.进行了表面形貌、差示扫描量热、电解液吸液量和表观接触角测试表征.电化学测试表明,采用纤维素隔膜的双电层电容器具有最高的比电容和更优的倍率性能,电容器的自放电性能差别不大.而对于混合型电池-超级电容器,采用聚丙烯薄膜和无纺布聚丙烯毡隔膜器件的比容量比其它器件约高20%,且采用纤维素隔膜的器件自放电率最高.     

无人机多光谱传感器场地绝对辐射定标研究

2010年10月14日无人机遥感载荷验证场科学实验在内蒙古乌拉特前旗展开,这是我国首个航空遥感定标验证场的首次科学实验。通过验证场实验数据及制作的朗伯特性好的六块高光谱辐射特性靶标,采用反射率基法对搭载在无人机平台上的宽视场多光谱相机进行了场地绝对辐射定标。结果显示,对于成功获取影像的绿光、红光及近红外通道的绝对定标结果中,计数值(DN值)与辐射传输计算得出的表观辐亮度之间的线性相关系数优于99%。经误差分析得到不确定度为5.19%,优于验证场课题要求的6%。定标结果表示,验证场所配备之高光谱辐射特性靶标适用于机载多光谱载荷的场地绝对定标,且定标结果可靠,可以用于地物参数的反演。     

Apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of aqueous solutions of 6,6,9-trimethyladenine and 6,6-dimethyladenine at 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C

Experimental data for aqueous solutions of 6,6,9-trimethyladenine at concentrations from 0.006 to 0.020 molal is provided from differential scanning adiabatic calorimetry, batch calorimetry, and densimetry. The data show nonlinear variations of apparent molar volumes and heat capacities with temperature and concentration. The properties of aqueous solutions of 6,6-dimethyladenine investigated over a similar range of concentration present similar behavior as those of other purine derivatives.