4-n-壬基酚的激光闪光光解和紫外光降解

采用266nm激光闪光光解瞬态吸收光谱和254nm紫外光降解,研究了乙腈及乙腈-水混合溶液中4-n-壬基酚（4-n-NP）的各种光解行为,考察了不同物理化学体系对4-n-NP光解行为的影响规律.实验发现,在266nm激光闪光光解下,4-n-NP既发生光电离又发生光激发,获得了4-n-NP光电离生成的阳离子自由基,以及光激发生成的激发三重态的瞬态特征吸收谱.由S2O82-光分解产生的SO4·-可快速氧化4-n-NP,测得反应速率常数为2.85×109M-1s-1,判定4-n-NP阳离子自由基在pH高于2.2条件下会转变成脱质子中性自由基.研究发现,使用254nm紫外光直接降解4-n-NP比较困难,UV结合添加H2O2可提高其降解效率,UV结合添加K2S2O8可极大提高4-n-NP降解效率,3.5min的光照即可使1×10-4M的4-n-NP完全降解.本文就4-n-NP在各种条件下的光解机理进行了探讨,为此类具有生物激素效应的非离子表面活性剂光降解奠定了基础.     

Transient vibration of thin viscoelastic orthotropic plates

This article deals with solutions of transient vibration of a rectangular viscoelastic orthotropic thin 2D plate for particular deformation models according to Flu¨gge and Timoshenko-Mindlin.The linear model,a general standard viscoelastic body,of the rheologic properties of a viscoelastic material was applied.The time and coordinate curves of the basic quantities displacement,rotation,velocity,stress and deformation are compared.The results obtained by an approximate analytic method are compared with numerical results for 3D plate generated by FEM application and with experimental investigation.     

Wing/body kinematics measurement and force and moment analyses of the takeoff flight of fruitflies

In the paper, we present a detailed analysis of the takeoff mechanics of fruitflies which perform voluntary takeoff flights. Wing and body kinematics of the insects during takeoff were measured using high-speed video techniques.Based on the measured data, inertia force acting on the insect was computed and aerodynamic force and moment of the wings were calculated by the method of computational fluid dynamics. Subtracting the aerodynamic force and the weight from the inertia force gave the leg force. The following has been shown. In its voluntary takeoff, a fruitfly jumps during the first wingbeat and becomes airborne at the end of the first wingbeat. When it is in the air, the fly has a relatively large "initial" pitch-up rotational velocity(more than5 000°/s) resulting from the jumping, but in about 5 wingbeats, the pitch-up rotation is stopped and the fly goes into a quasi-hovering flight. The fly mainly uses the force of jumping legs to lift itself into the air(the force from the flapping wings during the jumping is only about 5%–10% of the leg force). The main role played by the flapping wings in the takeoff is to produce a pitch-down moment to nullify the large "initial" pitch-up rotational velocity(otherwise, the fly would have kept pitching-up and quickly fallen down).     

工艺参数对Ni60-Cu/BaF2·CaF2定向结构涂层组织和性能的影响

采用氧乙炔火焰喷涂+感应重熔+强制冷却相结合的复合技术制备了Ni60-Cu/BaF₂·CaF₂定向结构复合涂层,研究了感应重熔参数对Ni60-Cu/BaF₂·CaF₂定向结构复合涂层组织结构、元素分布、微观硬度的影响.研究表明:过低的感应重熔功率(7 kW)不能提供涂层足够的熔化热,不能保证涂层完全的熔融状态,过高的感应重熔功率(15 kW)导致过高的热输入,使基体元素向涂层过量扩散以及组织粗大,硬度降低.当感应重熔功率为10 kW时,定向结构涂层获得了良好的微观组织,涂层中组织致密且柱状晶明显,涂层与基体间的冶金结合带也较为平整,且涂层的硬度值较高.